Abstract: The subject of the study is the processes of manipulation of stock asset prices on the example of shares of American high-tech companies of the NASDAQ exchange. The concept of manipulation of stock assets is formulated and the signs of manipulation of them are presented. The main purpose of the work is to identify signs of manipulation of the stock prices of Facebook, Nasdaq and Google companies from the moment of the initial public offering of the company's shares on the stock exchange (IPO) to the present. The methodology of the study includes statistical methods of data analysis: comparative analysis, correlation and regression analysis. Based on the annual quotes and financial reports of Facebook, Google and Nasdaq, a comparative and correlation analysis of the annual values of investment multipliers is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the comparative and statistical analysis of the data of these companies at the initial time stage after their IPO on the NASDAQ exchange. The result of the analysis showed a fairly strong correlation between them on this indicator. At the same time, a significant overvaluation of Facebook shares was established in the first years after its initial public offering on the stock exchange, in relation to the analog companies of Google and Nasdaq, as well as to the companies listed on the S&P500 stock market of the USA. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the presented methodology allows identifying signs of manipulation with the share prices of companies-analogues of any sufficiently liquid stock market. The topic of the article is of interest to stock market participants, stock analysts, potential investors and purchasers of companies, as well as to stock market regulators dealing with the reliability and security of its processes.

Keywords: financial indicators of the company, stock price, signs of manipulation, manipulation of stock assets, economic crisis, company IPO, stock information, stock assets, stock market, investment multiplier

Abstract: The article is devoted to the stages and trends in the development of the mortgage lending market under crisis. In this article the authors analyze development trends with today's mortgage lending market in Russia, describe three periods of the mortgage lending market development (2008 - 2009, 2010 - 2014, and 2015 - up to the present day), and compare the aforesaid periods; and offer measures that are supposed to take the mortgage lending out of crisis. The results of the analysis demonstrate that the situation with the mortgage lending market in Russia which had already started in 2008 reached its climax in 2015. The main feature of the current stage of crisis is to decline in income and economic activity and, consequently, paying capacity of actual and potential mortgage borrowers taking into account the breakdown of external financing of the banking system and fast inflation rate. To achieve the research objective and substantiate theoretical provisions and practical recommendations, the authors of the article have used the abstract-logical, analytical, comparative, economic statistical research methods and comparative analysis using official banking statistics. As a result, the authors have obtained statistically valid data about development trends of the mortgage lending market in Russia at different stages and define the biggest areas of concern, describe peculiarities of the current stage and outline the main ways to take the morgage lending market out of crisis. Taking into account the country's actual financial capacities, it is necessary to undertake measures that do not require a radical reconstruction of economic mechanisms or considerable budget costs. These measures include improving mortgage programs so that they do not increase credit risks but ensure availability of mortgage lending for broad layers of the country's population; changing the format of mortgage lending towards creation of credit unions; and increasing efficiency of the government monetary policy in the sphere of mortgage lending through finding the balance between tools and instruments thereof. 

Keywords: development factors, crisis, financial opportunities, anti-crisis measures, indicators, trends, mortgage lending, credit unions, banking system, monetary policy