Abstract: This article analyzes the economic aspects currently faced by the European Union. The author resorts to studying this issue through the prism of several important categories, such as the functioning of the single market, the role of the eurozone, the impact of globalization and digital transformation on the economy, as well as issues of sustainable development. A variety of general scientific methods are used for analysis, including analysis and synthesis, as well as logical and comparative descriptive approaches. This allows the author to gain a deeper understanding of the economic situation of the European Union and identify potential solutions to these problems. The analysis of this article leads to the conclusion that the prospects for the economic development of the European Union are closely related to its level of integration within the Union, its ability to adapt to the processes of globalization and successfully solve both internal and external challenges. Despite significant achievements, such as the creation of the single market and the eurozone, there are still imbalances and vulnerabilities within them that pose serious obstacles to the long-term stability and functioning of the Union. A key factor in determining the future economic trajectory of the EU will be its ability to solve these complex problems and promote innovation and sustainable development. In the modern world, strategic planning and effective management are becoming even more important for preserving and strengthening the position of the European Union in the global economic arena.

Keywords: Horizon Europe, Green Course, innovations, sustainable development, digitalization, globalization, eurozone, single market, European Union, financial crisis

Abstract: The subject of the study is the process of East Asian regionalism, considered in the context of the development of the Great Tumangan Initiative. The proposed goal is to characterize, analyze and evaluate the impact of the new geopolitical reality on the prospects for integration processes in Northeast Asia. The main research methods used in the study are a literature review on the topic and a descriptive method. As a result of the work, the following can be distinguished: analysis of geopolitical factors affecting the integration processes in Northeast Asia; the features of the development of the Great Tumangan Initiative are determined and the main problems limiting the effectiveness of this initiative are identified. The scientific novelty lies in the substantiation of the priority directions for the development of the untapped potential of the Great Tumangan Initiative: improvement of institutional support; the need to cooperate simultaneously at four levels: regional, local, multilateral and bilateral. It is concluded that the achievement of regional connectivity is the main priority in the development of regional cooperation and economic integration in Northeast Asia.

Keywords: GTI, Great Tumangan Initiative, regional economic integration, East Asia, Japan, integration processes, Mongolia, Republic of Korea, China, institutional support

Abstract: The subject of this research is the problems of foreign trade activities emerged in the context of liberalization of foreign economic activity. The goal of this work consists in systematization and analysis of the challenges of liberalization of foreign economic activity, substantiated by the dual impact on Russian enterprises. Thus, the economic entities obtain not only additional opportunities for self-development, but inevitably face a specific transitional mode (due to characteristic to management system of ability to rapidly change and adjust to production and business, organizational and economics, operational and commercial needs of international exchange. The scientific novelty lies in examination of the category of “transitional state of entrepreneurship” through evolution of relations between Russian enterprises and business entities, driven by the need for internationalization of business and commercial activities. Leaning on the practice of Russian enterprises, as well as the national sources, the author concludes that overcoming of transitional states of entrepreneurship in the area of international exchange is always challenging with regards to executing transaction, adjustment to foreign trade operations and expansion in the international market, improvement of export strategy and establishment of connections with foreign partners, etc. The results may be valuable in building a set of management cyclical actions for Russian enterprises.  

Keywords: liberalization of foreign economic activities, the localization of affiliates, foreign exchange earnings, the designated bank, export, international trade transaction, customs clearance, management unit, international exchange;, transformation

Abstract: The subject of the research is the external trade of the Northwestern Federal District and the subjects of the Russian Federation that constitute it, in particular, specific features and structure and dynamics of the export and import in the aforesaid regions. Bobrova has analyzed the volumes of external trade turnover in these regions, the main commodity positions and partner countries for each Russian Federation subject and the District in general. The aim of the research is to define reserves of the export and import substitution in the Russian Federation subjects of the Northwestern Federal District and to develop recommendations on how to use the aforesaid reserves for particular commodity groups and partner countries. The methodological basis of the research includes comparative analysis of export and import of particular Russian Federation subjects comprising the Northwestern Federal District as well as traditional economic and mathematical methods of rating, vertical and horizontal analysis of statistical data of foreing trade turnover. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author applies the systems approach to defining the problems of foreign trade turnover in the aforesaid regions and methodology for restructuring export and import in the Russian Federation subects. In conclusion, the author emphasizes the need to change priorities of export and import in the regions of the Northwestern Federal District by replacing exported resources with the products made out of them or refusing from export of Russia's natural resources, and by import substitution and extension of the range of imported goods at the account of primary innovative and investment needs of the region. 

Keywords: partner countries, commodity position, value of turnover, subject of the Russian Federation, import, export, foreign trade, gross regional product, expansion, state support