Abstract: Switching from trivial representations on society to the level of its theoretical comprehension, we inevitably face the question how to translate the structures that form society from pure abstractions into people’s living experience. This described problem is the key topic of this research. Teaching on individuation of the leading theoretician in this area C. R. Jung requires additional refinement taking into account remarks made by H. G. Gadamer regarding changes in the character of discourse that unfolded in Christianity. M. K. Mamardashvili demonstrates in his lectures how the verbal art may become the means of existing of truth and its realization. We not only describe, but simultaneously apply individuation as something that becomes a methodological key to comprehension of modern society. At the same time, it is necessary to shift reasoning on the concept of “individuation” from psychological plan to a broader ontological plan. The novelty of this research consists in individuation being the key factor in solution of the aforementioned problem. The main conclusion is that individuation can be the method for the development of forms of activity, cognition and reasoning, which ensuring the co-existence of a subject with other subjects and systems do not erase, but rather identify and produce the forms of its distinctness. The active development of existence by people becomes equally comparable with the standards of habitual experience and everyday perceptions. This can restore the logic of common sense, and thus, the reliable structures of practice.  

Keywords: system, structural properties, archetype, social structure, theory, everyday representations, method, individuation, principle, event

Abstract: The modernizing global world with new sociocultural practices actualizes the study of creativity as a constitutive phenomenon of human personality in the context of the challenges of modern era. The object of this research is creativity as a cultural phenomenon. The subject is creativity in the S. Freud's concept of psychoanalysis. In the era of change and uncertainty, when the role of creativity is increasing, the ideas of S. Freud acquire special significance. The article considers the unconscious in the context of the social, in correlation with social factors and as a key position in creativity. The theoretical and methodological framework of the study includes cultural-historical and comparative methods. The systemic approach allowed viewing the phenomenon of creativity as a system in combibation of elements. The author also used the methods of analogy, analysis, comparison, and generalization. The discovered by Freud mechanism of sublimation is considered through the lens of creativity, as a way of redirecting energy displaced into the field of the unconscious by social factors, the sphere of creativity. The psychoanalytic concept serves as the methodological basis for explaining creativity as a complex process in combination of the conscious and unconscious.

Keywords: constructive behavioral model, regulatory principle, pleasure principle, irrational, unconscious, conscious, psychoanalytic method, creativity, sublimation, impulse of creativity

Abstract: The subject of this research is the phenomenon of mystery fiction and its evolution in the context of development of sociocultural project of modernity. The latter is viewed as a complex system, which fundamental principles permeate the entire fabrics of European culture, generating such phenomenon as a mystery fiction plot. The analysis of its varieties deepens the understanding of specificity of modernity and mature of crises that has captured it. Hermeneutic analysis allows going beyond the frames of the narrow-disciplinary analysis of the corresponding texts, allowing to determine the inevident layers within the phenomenon of narration of mystery fiction. The initial methodological point is presented by the concept of V. P. Rudnev, who identified interrelation between the mystery fiction storylines and dominant gnoseological paradigm. The author determines the four levels of narration of mystery fiction: ontological, gnoseological, anthropological, and ethical-normative. The classical (analytical) mystery fiction describes reality commensurable to human reason (ontological level), investigation appears as strict analysis (gnoseological level), detective resembles a “private thinker” who is distant from the society and the crime itself (anthropological level), and a crime is interpreted as a deviation that disturbs harmony of the rational order (ethical-normative level). In this sense, a classical mystery fiction is a reflection of metanarrative of modernity, aimed at building a complete system, and excluding the Other. At the same time, the crisis of the basis of modernity is essentially reflected in metamorphoses of mystery fiction genre. In existential and pragmatic mystery fiction, reality is irrational, and boundaries between the norm and deviation are being diluted. Such situation may be describes as disappointment in metanarrative – in underlines the inability of modern culture to adequately fulfill its fundamental functions. The Other strike roots in the cultural space; however, the space itself exists in accordance with the principles of postmodern anarchy.

Keywords: cultural crisis, culture, detective story, metanarrative, narrative, the Other, postmodernity, modernity, literature, text

Abstract: The subject of this research is the doctrine of personality in philosophy of the early German romanticism. As the main source of establishment of the romantic concept of personality, the author examines I. Kant’s doctrine of the genius nature of creation. Detailed analysis is conducted on the artistic-philosophical fragments of Novalis and F. Schlegel, in which the concept of personality as a subject of creation is described most vividly. The article substantiates the fundamental significance of the concept of personality of all elements of the philosophy of romanticism, namely for the romanticists’ theory of understanding. The author analyzes not only the philosophical research on romanticism, but also literary, culturological, and religious publications on the topic. The article systematically substantiates the position, according to which creation in the philosophy of romanticism manifests as a universal substance of human spirit, which finds individual reflection in each person, and becomes the foundation for his growth and knowledge. The peculiarity of semantic theory of creative personality consists in the fact that in cannot be exhaustively cognized by the rational means; only artistic-aesthetic and religious consciousness allows approximating to comprehension of the nature of creation.

Keywords: religious consciousness, hermeneutics, Kant, creation, personality, Schlegel, Novalis, German romanticism, european culture, poetry

Abstract: This article examines the problem of reduction of dispositional terms in the scientific theory. Dispositional terms are the predicated, expressing proclivity of the body for having a certain response in particular circumstances. The difference between dispositional predicated and other descriptive terms consists in the fact that for their identification it is essential to know an empirical factor that invokes manifestation of a dispositional trait. Since disposition cannot be observed directly, it requires carrying out an experiment to reveal the needed quality of a subject. It is established that for dispositional predicates, definition should be viewed as a particular case of reduction. Such conclusion is substantiated by the fact that the two-sided reduction sentence represents a special case of a reduction pair of sentences. In constant clarification of the meaning of dispositional term empirically, the set of reference using reduction sentences is more convenient, since it can be augmented with a new sentence that describes the additional verification conditions. Presence in the language of observation of dispositional predicates, which could not be determined in a usual way, and possibility of their reduction underline nonequivalence of the methodological operations of reduction and definition in the substantive scientific theories, which also represents an argument for further research of reduction in natural sciences, social sciences and humanities.

Keywords: meaning, observation language, theoretical term, empirical term, dispositional term, definition, reduction sentence, reduction, epistemology, logic of science