Abstract:   The subject of this research is the issues of economic security in various technological modes. Considering the periodical alternation of technological modes within the global technical and economic development, the author determines the key characteristics of these technological modes, as well as the issues of economic security at the time of dominance of each mode. Moreover, the article provides a detailed description of hypothetical core of a new, sixth technological mode, the transition to which is substantiated by attenuation of the current model of capitalistic development and the need for reconfiguration around the modern socioeconomic demands. Special attention is given to the assessment of research and development potential of the Russian economy. The author reveals the main threats to economic security in terms of the untimely transition to the new technological wave, as well as concludes that Russia currently experiences the dominance of the third and fourth technological modes, while the fifth mode is yet to achieve the pinnacle of its development. The author believes that if in the nearest future Russia will concentrate the existing resources on the key promising directions of the sixth technological mode, then alongside the global technological shifts, it will create the “window of opportunity” for technological breakthrough and bring about the “Russian economic wonder”.  

Keywords: sixth mode, national economy, economic policy, crisis, threats of economic security, economic security, technological mode, technological revolution, nanotechnology, sustainable development

Abstract: This research examines the various theoretical-methodological approaches towards the problem of innovation system management and the formation of innovation policy. Following the foreign experience of the majority of countries, besides the government regulation oriented towards support of innovations, the effective innovation system must also be attributed to the critical conditions of socioeconomic development of the state. Moreover, the establishment of innovation system in modern world becomes an essential need, which is proven by the scholars and politicians. Despite the successful implementation of the model of innovation systems by multiple foreign countries, for Russia it becomes more relevant as the time progresses. Methodology contains the systemic approach; logical, comparative, structural-functional, strategic, evolutionary analysis; dialectical methods of cognition for comprehensive and objective research. The author determines the essential features inherent to each of the approaches, as well as their disadvantages. A conclusion is made that the practice of government administration should combine various approaches towards realization of full potential of government administration and regulation for the establishment of innovation economy. The author emphasizes the need for correlation and coherence between the macroeconomic and innovation policies of the state. At the same time, the innovation policy should be formed with consideration of the patterns of long-term economic growth, global trends of innovation development of the economy, as well as existing competitive advantages of each country or particular region.

Keywords: advantages, innovations, approach, methodological approach, management, innovation system, disadvantages, complex approach, concept, integration of approaches

Abstract: The subject of this research is the target indexes of the waste management programs. The target data are an intrinsic component of any programs, but there has yet to be analysis conducted on the programs in the waste management sphere. The relevance of this research also pertains to the Federal Law (Russian Federation) from 2016 “On industrial and consumer waste”, which places the responsibility of organization and management of waste upon the subject of the Russian Federation, making development of waste management programs a mandate. The research employs comparative analysis of the data, examines the feasibility of their quantitative indexes, sufficiency of the data for assessment of the organization of the work on waste management, mitigation of the accumulated environmental damage and the economic parameters of the waste management systems. Based on the research conducted, the author determines a set of priority data, including indicators such as production of trash per capita and target readings such as trash pickup coverage in residential areas, portion of trash dumped in landfills, as well as portion of population affected by collection of hazardous materials (mercury-vapor lamps, chemical power sources).

Keywords: waste for landfill, waste for sorting, economical targets, taffies, comparison analysis, targets, regional programs, waste management, waste treatment, repair the damage

Abstract: This research includes carrying out the analysis and an assessment of regional inequality of social and economic development of Russia. The special attention is paid to the period of transformation of the economic system. The author in meticulously considers such aspects as definition of influence of structural changes in the economy on the level of regional development. The main objective of this research is to analyze the interregional differentiation of the Russian regions, and examine the tendencies and prospects of their convergence. The object of this research are regions of the Russian Federation, which have different economic potential and are respectively characterized by various level of regional development. The subject of this research is differentiation of social and economic development of these territories. In course of this research, the methods and tools used when modeling σ – convergences and β-convergences were applied. Within the analysis of dynamics of interregional distinctions of the Russian regions on GRP indicator per capita, the main indicator is considered in the current and comparable prices. Scientific novelty lies in the research and comparison of the economic indicators characterizing territorial development. The carried-out analysis of signs of convergence of regions has revealed unequal tendencies of indicators of GRP per capita in the current and comparable prices, as well as other economic indicators. The GRP in the current prices within the considered period shows a tendency to alignment of levels of economic development. The analysis of dynamics of GRP per capita in the comparable prices doesn't confirm this tendency. However, in both cases it is possible to speak about lack of divergence (the accruing divergence), i.e. interregional distinctions have not increased over the last twenty years.

Keywords: convergence of regions, regional development, energy resource, regional policy, β– convergence, σ – convergence, regional differentiation, inequality, gross regional product, current prices

Abstract: The subject of this research is the development of the concept of justice in economic science at the time of emergence of the modern theories of justice. The object of this research is the leading philosophical concepts that became the foundation for determination of the notion of justice in economic science at the current stage of its development. The goal of theoretical analysis lies in identification of peculiarities in evolution of the notion of justice under the influence of liberal philosophical view. Special attention is given to examination of John Rawls’ concept of justice as the most reputable of all modern theories. In the course of this work, the author applies the methodology of scientific theoretical study, with the use of systemic approach. A conclusion is made that the substantial influence upon the perception of justice was brought by the socioeconomic and political factors of the existence of society; and the achievement of justice in economic sphere is possible only when the merest change in wellbeing of one individual does not diminish wellbeing of another while maintaining the moral-ethnical grounds of the society.

Keywords: evolution of justice, principle of equity, justice in the economy, Amartya Sen, Robert Nozick, John Rawls, theory of justice, equity, concepts of justice, economics and justice

Abstract: This article describes the research results on the role of wood processing industry in Russia’s Economic Security Strategy. The authors prove the importance of performance criteria of this industry, as it currently experiences the following innovative changes: improvement of processing technology; expansion of the use of raw materials and final products; formation of the new assessment methods of the effectiveness of investments in this area, considering risks, which allows the investors to make decisions on capitalization of their financial resources in wood processing. Over a long period of rime, high prices on natural resources did not stimulate the development of high-tech industries. The subject of this research is the innovative methods and means as the investment objects of wood processing industry. Methodological and theoretical foundation contains the works of the Russian scholars in exploring the wood processing industry, its marketing, management and logistics. The suggested method of risk assessment in decisions-making on funding the innovation-investment projects allows solving multiple issues associated with managing the spatial-economic development of natural resources of the particular territories, as well as substantiate the placement of economic structures in the regions for socioeconomic development. However, the risk factors for wood processing industry that affect the optimal functioning and development of the markets, considering the specificity of certain forest zones, remain insufficiently studied. As a result, the proposed methodology will be able to improve the state of the industry in the overall volume of export for achieving the strategic indexes of Russia’ economic security in the long-term perspective.

Keywords: economic safety of the country, structural risks, inflation, woodworking technology, method of risk assessment, innovation and investment projects, wood processing industry, sectoral structure of GDP, economic growth, R&D

Abstract: The subject of this article is to study the strategy of food security primarily on the example of Russia. The urgency lies in the fact that the current situation in Russia, due to sanctions against it as not seen in recent years, has drastically increased demand for state support of agriculture. Despite numerous program international instruments prohibiting the use of food supplies as a tool of political pressure, the events of recent decades suggests otherwise. In this regard, particular attention is paid to the study of the historical perspective of the complex measures used by Russian authorities in order to achieve the main goal: providing the population with high-quality food products based on its own resources. The methodological base of the research consists of the comparative-historical method and system analysis method. The main conclusion of the study is the need to build multistructure approach in Russia, combining small farms and large agricultural holdings. It is stated that during the XX century both Soviet and Russian authorities made crucial miscalculation, which focused on one fundamental factor in the development of agriculture: the destruction of communities and the planting of private land ownership, forcing mass collectivization under Stalin's rule. It is shown that in modern conditions, an important factor in increasing the marketability of agricultural production will shift towards a "green economy".

Keywords: adaptation, ecology, collectivization, revival, crisis, agro-industrial complex, agriculture, food security, state, multiformity

Abstract: The mobile app market is rapidly growing and highly competitive, substantiating the relevance of the scope of positioning and promotion of mobile apps. The success of each project depends on a competent product promotion. This is especially important for developers who are short on time, money and organizational resources. All of this influences the commercialization of scientific and technological activities. As a result, high-quality and potentially high demand product cannot reach their consumers. Analyzing the secondary statistical information and applying general scientific methodology, the authors determine the prerequisites and trends of development of the mobile app market that influence the choice of instrumental means in the conditions of limited budget for promotion of these products. It is determined that the pre-sale preparation of mobile applications is a powerful way that has a positive impact on the achievement of targets. This is associated with the proper «packaging» of the application, rather than its functionality. Such approach consequently allows reducing the costs of promotion and not spend money on the use of traditional advertising. The results of this research produces recommendations for app-developers, helping developers increase the effectiveness of marketing.

Keywords: app store, app developers, IT market, distribution, marketing, promotion, mobile apps, information technologies, limited budget, competitive advantages

Abstract: The subject of this research is the state and dynamics of the development of tertiary sector of the economy of the Russian Federation. Based on analysis of the data of the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2000-20016), the author determines the development trends in service sector in accordance with the employment indexes, work performance and innovation activity. Service sector is also viewed from the perspective of the conditions of employment (formal, considering the size of organization; and informal, level of wages, and portion of highly efficient workplaces) in comparison with the primary and secondary sectors of the economy. The analysis is conducted with application of the Fisher-Clark three-sector model, separated into types of activities in accordance with the Russian National Classifier of Types of Economic Activity. A conclusion is made on the extensive pattern of development of service sector, which provides workplaces for the majority of population of the Russian Federation; however, the level of work performance, innovation activity and wages remains very low, despite the significant number of employees with degrees. The acquired data testifies to the insufficient use of the service sector potential for economic development, improvement of living standards of the population, and formation of human capital.

Keywords: the gross regional product, innovation activity, high-performance workplaces, economic activities, productivity, employment, the service sector, primary sector, secondary sector, tertiary sector

Abstract: This article explores the concept of inclusive growth and regional development of the Russian Federation, as well as their key performance criteria. The object of this research is the inclusive growth and regional development of the Russian Federation. The subject is the key national performance criteria of inclusive development. The authors carefully examine the concept of inclusive development as the new economic model aimed at creation of the balanced socioeconomic system, with consideration of social equality, environmental factors and natural resources. Special attention is given to the methodology of assessment of inclusive development proposed by the experts of the World Economic Forum in 2017, the tailored version of which is applied in study of the Russian regions. The article conducts an assessment of the inclusive growth index of the Russian regions based on the comparative analysis of the national key performance criteria of inclusive development. The authors calculate the composite index of inclusive development of the Russian regions. The scientific novelty lies in advancement of the theory of regional economy based on the expansion of theoretical-methodological approaches to assessment of inclusive growth and development of the Russian regions. Practical importance lies in calculation of the inclusive development index, which can be applied in the process of elaboration and implementation of the federal and regional programs, as well as development strategies of the Russian regions.

Keywords: equality of generations, new model of development, regions of the Russian Federation, indicators of inclusive development, national indicators of efficiency, index of inclusive development, inclusive growth, World Economic Forum, inequality of incomes, policy of inclusive development

Abstract: The object of this research is the sales entrepreneurial segment (SES) with network type of organization. The subject is the ways of improving the level of competitiveness of the SES. There is a downward trend in efficiency of the development strategy due to extensive growth through absorption and expansion onto regional markets (priority management of material resources). A hypothesis is offered on the strengthening of the role of intangible components as an element that allows increasing the competitiveness of the SES. Scientific literature and practice show lack of information on the interdependence of competitiveness and complex factors such as entrepreneurial talent, corporate culture, consumer preferences, etc.. The authors present grouping of intangible values by effects (dynamic, static) and impact of the intangible capital upon competitiveness of the SES in accordance with set key directions for increasing competitiveness, such as addition of locations, expansion onto regional markets (extensive development) and promotion of the trademark, image, personnel, marketing and innovation (intensive development). A conclusion is made that there is failure of strategic development of SES by absorption effect and extensive development, caused by a shift of priorities from the generally accepted and standard ways of increasing the level of competitiveness of the SES through efficient management of tangible resources towards management of the intangible resources.

Keywords: not material resources, scale economies, intensive development, extensive development, trading entrepreneur structures, marketing, staff, innovation, reputation, competitiveness

Abstract: This article explores ICO as an innovative strategy for getting funding. The authors reveal the key advantages and flaws, prospects and problems, as well as the main trends of development of this phenomenon. This strategy for funding seems most promising and technological. In the process of ICO, the project team issues and sells cryptographic assets – tokens for cryptocurrencies (usually Ethereum). If the project is successful, investors can sell their tokens for profit. The principle of getting funding using ICO is similar to the IPO: parties invest into a particular company and receive dividends, but in the case of ICO, they use tokens instead of stocks. The research presents analysis of the key indexes of the dynamics of development, as well as popularization and efficiency of ICOs as a means for project funding.  ICOs are an innovative and promising strategy for funding, demonstrating an undeniable advantage in form of using the blockchain technology. At the same time, various types of fraud methods emerged due to lack of precise government regulation of the industry. However, statistical data demonstrated gradual stabilization in the area of ICOs, which can be explained by better information preparedness of investors, which are becoming harder to attract to such projects. Developing countries are also working on the normative legal base of this phenomenon, which prompted a decrease in various fraudulent schemes.

Keywords: Ethereum, IPO, blockchain, scam, ICO, Inicial coin offering, the legislative framework, regulation, Whitepaper, token

Abstract: The subject of this research is the entirety of factors of the institutional and conjuncture order that determine the parameters of development of the cryptocurrency market. Special attention is given to the substantiation of parameters included into the economic mathematical model being developed, aimed at determining the relationship between the analyzed system of exogenous factors and endogenous indexes, which in this model is played by Bitcoin volume of market capitalization. The devised algorithm allowed forecasting market capitalization of cryptocurrency up until 2021 using the methods of scenario modeling. The methodology of this research relies on the instruments of economic and mathematical modeling of the studied entirety of factors, including the mechanisms of regressive analysis of the time statistical series, methods of generalization and grouping, as well as methods of scenario modeling. As the result of the completed assessments based on the instruments of economic modeling, the authors constructed a model that determines the statistically significant relations between the analyzed set of factors (of institutional and conjuncture order) and market capitalization of Bitcoin. This allowed to not only formulate a scientifically substantiated algorithm of modeling volatility on the cryptocurrency market, but also ensure capacity for developing scenario forecasting models of the dynamics of Bitcoin value for medium-term perspective in contrast to the currently used methods of technical analysis, which usually form the foundation for forecasting for only short-term perspective.

Keywords: econometric analysis, legalization of the market of cryptocurrency, scenario forecasting, modelling, bitcoin, multiple factor analysis, market of cryptocurrency, market capitalization of cryptocurrency, commercial analysis, modern institutes of regulation

Abstract: Year after year, management accounting increasingly intrudes into the activity of national enterprises. At the same time, in the conditions of dynamic use in corporate environment of the instruments of management accounting, its methodology undergoes certain changes in the process of adjustment to the specific terms of national business. Due to this fact, multiple approaches to information production have also undergone significant changes. Therefore, the subject of this research is the functional diversity of management accounting in the conditions of crisis processes in the economy. The author carefully examines the effects caused by crisis processes in the economy upon the development of the management accounting tools. A working hypothesis of the study is the thesis that in the conditions of crisis processes in the economy, the entrepreneurial structures for the purpose of more efficient management of its sub-microenvironment must implement the anti-crisis model of management accounting with the immanent set of functions, tasks and tools. The article substantiates the initial theoretical basis of the subsystem of anti-crisis management accounting. In this regard, pursuant to the systemic approach, the author formulated the following logics of the modular-structural actions: examination of positive and negative effects of the establishment of methodology of management accounting in the conditions of crisis processes in the economy; formation of structural components of the distinguished subsystem (goals, functions, tasks, subject); determination of instrument-methodological set, which includes combination of approaches, means, procedures, tools and methods of accounting; establishment of tectological boundaries of the  distinguished subsystem in the context of interaction with the system of higher level – system of accounting-analytical procurement in enterprise performance as a whole, as well as with external environment. The author’s main contribution lies in creation of the initial theoretical basis of the subsystem of anti-crisis management accounting predicated on the following: improved conceptual-categorical apparatus; highlighted, and in some aspects, firstly formulated goals, functions, tasks, and the object of the distinguished subsystem; determination of instrumental-methodological set, which includes the combination of approaches, means, procedures, tools and methods of accounting, in other words mechanism of methodological procurement for implementation of the management accounting procedures. The assemblage of these scientific positions characterizes the conceptual content of anti-crisis subsystem of management accounting, which implementation in the conditions of depressive processes in the economy, will allow producing more relevant information for the efficient administrative decision-making.

Keywords: management solutions, business depression, Accounting, economic crisis, functions of management accounting, Management accounting, controlling, cost management, anti-crisis solutions, budgeting

Abstract: The object of this research is the theoretical-methodological grounds of the placement of industrial cluster businesses in the Russian regions. The subject of this research is the improvement of methodological instrumentarium for solving the problem of spatial localization of industrial clusters in the region. The goal of this work lies in development of the economic-mathematical model of clusterization of the economy, which expands the methodological potential of optimal placement of cluster initiatives within the Russian economic space. Special attention is given to the peculiarities of cluster development process that determine the initial conditions for finding an optimal placement and long-term growth of industrial production in the cluster. The article applies the modern approaches towards economic-mathematical modelling, as well as systematization of geostatistical methods. The author considers the problems of optimization of placement of the new alongside the development of already existing production facilities in the process of realization of cluster initiative; generalizes the approaches to economic-mathematical modelling of the process of formation and development of industrial clusters. The article also formulates the criteria for optimal placement and prospective development of the cluster businesses.

Keywords: industrial policy, regional development, criterion of optimality, geostatistics, economic and mathematical modeling, spatial development, Clusters, localization of production, economic space, transport task

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the peculiarities of Russia’s foreign trade with BRICS countries. The subject of this research is the economic relations emerged in the process of organization of Russia’s foreign trade with BRICS member states. The author examines and analyzes the statistical data on export and import, their structure, as well as financial and nonfinancial means of foreign trade. The forecast of Russia’s export and import with BRICS member state for 2018-202 is provided. The participation of countries in BRICS Association opens prospects for trade and economic cooperation and sustainable development for each of group member; for Russia, the cooperation with BRICS countries is one of the priority directions of the country’s long-term development strategy. The research is based on the general scientific methods of cognition (analysis, synthesis, comparison), table and graphic interpretation of statistical information, and time series. A conclusion is made that over the recent decade, Russia’s foreign trade turnover with the BRICS group demonstrates steady growth, which allows forecasting further positive dynamics in the trade and economic relations; an important role in this process is played by the financial and credit institutions. The scientific novelty lies in statistical examination of the exported and imported commodities, and the overall commodity turnover. The author explores the export and import structure between Russia and China; circumstantiates the statistics of commodity turnover between Russia and Brazil, Russia and India, Russia and South Africa; suggests the instruments for stimulating Russia’s foreign trade with BRICS countries.

Keywords: BRICS, international finance, trade finance, banking, international economic relations, international trade, Russia, China, world economy, macroeconomic forecasting