Abstract: The authors consider the variants of extensive, intensive and moderate development of global power industry and reveal the contents of the sustainable development concept, based on the development of the society, which helps satisfy the requirements of the modern generations, not endangering the opportunities of the future generations. The authors assess the prognostic data on the supposed population growth, that will determine the growth of the world GDP and demonstrate the calculations of the increase of global carbon dioxide emissions. The research is based on the conventional methods of political economics. Special role is assigned to the methods of statistical analysis and the analysis of international statutory acts. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the systematization of international treaties in this sphere for a long period of time from 1922. The article contains graphic materials, helping understand the given statistical data. The authors propose the sustainable development strategy, which will allow using the technologies, decreasing the environmental pollution and improving ecology, not endangering the energy provision of the states.