Abstract: Viewing art as a science, Mikhail Lomonosov included his art theory of light and color in the sphere of academic inquiries. As a researcher and a naturalist, he assumed that the more mysteries of Nature our mind can understand, ‘the happier we feel at heart...’. Based on the laws of optics, Mikhail Lomonosov created his trichromatic theory of vision that precedes Hemlhotz’s findings. He used achievements in optics for creating colored glass in the process of mosaic making. In addition to scientific findings, Lomonosov also viewed the theory of color vision as a way to get closer to the deepest mysteries of the Heavens and art in genera as the mean of expressing the knowledge that praises God through images.

Keywords: art history, Mikhail Lomonosov, natural philosophy, Isaac Newton, Hermann von Helmholtz, color, paint, mosaic, trichomatic vision.

Abstract: The author analyses the most typical examples of definitions of the subject of cultural studies found in the latest methodological-educational literature. Based on this analysis, the author proposes a thesis about a need to expand the scope of the subject of cultural studies and include, along with the term ‘culture, the term ‘civilization ’ and a new term which the author calls “nonculturenoncivilization ”. In the author’s opinion, this term covers a) the “lining” of the life of the society, b) those extrasocial sources and roots owing to which, from the author’s point of view, culture originates, and c) uber-social sphere which first of all includes the Highest Values that cannot be formalized. The position of a researcher, which presupposes consideration of all elements incorporated in the subject of cultural studies through the prism of culture, plays a decisive role in the author’s approach.

Keywords: cultural studies, subject, cultural, culture, nonculture, civilization, non-civilazation, pre-social, ubersocial, antinomic.

Abstract: Participants of the conference ‘Philosophical Thought and Religious Experience’ devoted to the memory of a philosopher, theologian and historian Nikolay Zernov discussed the relation between religion and knowledge in different cultures and epochs. They analyzed philosophical meaning of the Biblical commandments, the role of religious experience for the leaders of the Bengal Renaissance, types of religious mind in modern Russian society, religion and knowledge as the main concepts in history of European thought and etc. The relation between knowledge and religion was shown as one of the most important dogmatic and at the same time creative collusions in history of the world culture in general and Russian culture in particular.

Keywords: cultural studies, culture, religion-knowledgephilosophy, science and myth, religious experience, conventional thinking, gnosis, polydiscourse, Vladimir Soloviev, Nikolay Zernov.

Abstract: The authors of the article study semantics and evolution of the “East” in the West European and Russian orientalism paintings of the 19th century on the materials of the works by J.A.D. Ingres, E. Delacroix, V. Vereschagin. The target of the study is to analyze evolution of the Eastern woman’s images in the West-European and Russian orientalism in the context of evolution of the dialogue between the East and the West. It is proved that semantics of “East” is closely connected with semantics of femininity. The novelty of work is caused by several facts: 1) the study is about not only aesthetical but also ideological differences between French (West European) and Russian orientalism (V. Vereschagin); 2) development of the Postmodernist and Feminist concept of gaze (that was founded by Laura Mulvey) based on the classical paintings of the 19th century; 3) demonstration of the “inversion” opportunities of gaze in the orientalist painting; 4) the study analyzes specifics of the dialogue between the East and the West in the West European and Russian paintings of the 19th century.

Keywords: cultural studies, femininity, orientalism, the Other, dialogue between the East and the West, race, sexuality, ‘spectator’s opinion’, inversion of gaze, gender analysis.

Abstract: The article describes development of language studies and philosophy of language in India as well as their close relation and mutual usage of advantages. India is famous for its language diversity and development of language technology, especially in the sphere of education. The author focuses on how grammatical formalism and meta-language allowed Ancient Indian linguist Panini to explain a great number of linguistic phenomena. The author of the article also touches upon the topic of philosophical discussions that reflect the development of language studies.

Keywords: cultural studies, language studies, philosophy, Indian culture, linguistic variety, educational environment, standardization, Panini’s grammatical formalism, metalanguage, cognitive aspects.

Abstract: The main topic of the article is the road going from Moscow to the East of Russia, in particular, the part of the road passing through Moscow region. The author of the article describes the role of this road in history for different spheres of social life and Bogorodskaya land (Bogorodskaya county of Moscow province). The road is shown as the road for traveling, trade, post service, the road of war and the road of transportation of exiles as well as the road for traveling of private travelers. The author describes the most important events and facts associated with different functions of the road and tells us how the road has been changing and shown in art work. Therefore, the author proves that this road has a great potential as an object of cultural and historical heritage. The author also suggests that this road should be viewed as the resource for territory development and describes how forgotten phenomena, events and places can be turned into the basis of tourism development and help to create new profitable objects of road-side tourism.

Keywords: cultural studies, history, image, outlook, culture, economics, heritage, revival, Moscow, Moscow Region.

Abstract: Natinal culture is formed by creative individuals. Participation of Adam Mickiewicz in the Moscow Telegraph Journal and interest of Russian writers for creative work of this Polish poet and Polish culture in general was caused by adoption of general cultural values. The main principle of participants in a cultural dialogue is that love for truth should be more than love for one’s motherland. In the century of literature centrism literature was seen as a field for uniting two nations and two cultures. Dialogue between Russian and Polish cultures within the framework of a literary journal, based on Mickhiewicz, was the key to understanding between the two ‘related nations’ as well as in other spheres of human activities. Romantic consciousness has a historical memory about the union of the common Slavic roots of Polish and Russian nations and moreover even a deep memory about the common soul that was not divided based on national characteristics. It is our duty to keep this experience of international communication discovered by publicists at early XIX century who truly believed in cultural (Slavic and Christian) unity as the basis of relations between Poland and Russia.

Keywords: cultural studies, dialogue, natioal culture, Adam Mickiéwicz, Moscow Telegraph, romanticism, transfer, literature-centrism, values, memory.

Abstract: The article is devoted to a cinematographic masterpiece caused by an attempt of a film director Alexander Sokurov to use Goethe’s brilliant worktragedy ‘Faust’ –and to tell about the most nettlesome issues of XX century related to formation of masses, mass societies and, as a consequence, group leaders and dictators. Alexander Sokurov’s film is not a screen version of Goethe’s ‘Faust’ in the traditional meaning of the word. It should seem that using Goethe’s tragedy for sharing his thoughts on modern issues must lead to superficial and vulgar interpretation of a classical writing. But Sokurov’s idea to include his new film in what he called ‘tetralogy’, i.e. a group of films devoted to famous dictators of XX century (Vladimir Lenin, Adolf Hitler and Hirohito) allowed to get a better insight into Goethe’s plot and to understand why that Goethe had such a difficult time writing that tragedy. If we try to understand the primary intentions of Goethe, we can find out the beginning of the demonism complex in Western culture that very well explains the way we perceive political leaders of XX century.

Keywords: cultural studies, demonism, dictatorship, intertext, Faust’s culture, screen version, rationalism, postmodernism, transcendent, utopia and anti-utopia.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the meaning of images and art of the Russian North continued by national cultural traditions of Russia (based on the world perception and creative work of M. Vasnetsov, V. Vasnetsov, Ap. Vasnetsova, Ar. Vasnetsova, N. Vasnetsova and Al. Vasnetsova. Images of the Russian North often appeared in their natural landscapes, genre paintings, literary writings, fairy tale ad religious paintings and decorative patterns. Those images helped artists to continue Russian cultural traditions. It is especially shown in creative work of V. Vasnetsov. The author of the article focuses on his childhood, young and mature years, analyzes images of the North in his art work and graphic, architecture projects and decorative art (furniture first of all). Images of the North helped the artist to understand the nature of folk life and traditions and had a significant influence on V. Vasnetsov’s style and artwork.

Keywords: art history, art, culture, traditions, art language, Russian North, the Vasnetsovs, fine arts, architecture, furniture.

Abstract: The issue about ‘beginning of art history’ is not such a challenge for art studies any more, but the modern state of art still raises lots of questions. Modern art is a difficult topic to study because there are a great number of art forms nowadays. So the author suggests to use a general term ‘modernism’ for all kinds and forms of modern art. Based on the author, this term ‘modernism’ covers all modern movements in art starting from impressionism and also points out the similarity of processes that started in art at the last quarter of XIX century and have been ongoing up to the present. So far, the main intrigue in art studies is the appearance of modernism that recalled the old topic of the ‘death of art’. Kazimir Malevich’s ‘Black Square’ is now interpreted as the ‘gravestone’ of classical art. But ‘classical’ does not usually mean ‘stable’ or ‘constant ’ in art. Modernism did not ‘kill’ classical art. Classical art was gradually fading away because there was no more need in it.

Keywords: art history, art studies, classical art, modern art, crisis of art, modernism, avant-garde, post-modernism, style, realism.

Abstract: This article is some kind of analytical memoirs about a child’s theatrical teacher Alexandra Kudasheva- Tinikova (1894–1971), the heiress and the follower of traditions of the great Russian theatrical culture at the beginning of XX century. She taught many famous actors of the second half of XX – beginning of XIX century. Analyzing life and experience of Alexandra Kudasheva-Tinikova, the author of the article, a historian and a philosopher, tries to understand the phenomenon of theatre as an essential part of human life and culture.

Keywords: cultural studies, oral history, Alexandra Kudasheva- Tinikova, psychological realism, convention, philosophy, pedagogy, theatre, communication, inside.