Abstract: The article considers genre war cinema as a practice of commemoration. Through comparative analysis, the main characteristics and distinctive features of the film and series as actors in the space of historical memory are revealed. The study was carried out in an interdisciplinary field, using the methods of both historical analysis and visual stadies (theoretical, structural-functional and semiotic analysis of films; method of "competent observer"; comparison, generalization, synthesis). A comparative analysis of the film adaptation of Joseph Heller's novel "Catch 22" in the versions of the movie (1970) and the series (2019) is carried out. A review of approaches to the study of a military film / series in its relation to history is given. Specific visual material illustrates such features of the series as: innovativeness of social viewing practices that correspond to the “behavioral map” of a person in the information society; the novelty of technical and economic solutions of the film industry; the specific narrative strategy (a combination of horizontal and vertical construction of the episode system, a variety of plot lines, complex spatio-temporal connections between the series and their parts); elaborate psycho-dramatic effect; the viewer's sympathetic "everyday" protagonist with situational behavior and a hypothetical moral imperative; a variety of audiovisual solutions, as a rule, focused on the "human-sized" perception of both individual episodes and the picture as a whole. The conclusion is made about the importance of war cinema in the space of historical memory due to its media and intertextuality.

Keywords: episode, plot, narrative, film adaptation, film, military cinema, series, commemoration, historical memory, audiovisual means

Abstract: The article is devoted to the history of the Kostroma militia during the Patriotic War of 1812 and aims to clarify and detail the data of historiographical research on the regimental commanders of the Kostroma militia as one of the militias of the III district. Among the sources, documents from the collections of the Russian State Military Historical Archive, the Russian State Historical Archive and the State Archive of the Kostroma Region are considered. The documentary data are compared with the texts of the works of K.A. Voensky, V.R. Apukhtin, N.N. Vinogradov and others. The service records of the militia leaders are considered in the most detail. Archival materials are presented, which reflect the activities of the militia regiments in the Foreign campaign of 1813–1814. The generalization of biographical information made it possible to assess the military and managerial potential of the Kostroma militia. The analysis of biographical information on personalities, especially those related to military service before the campaigns of 1812–1814, aims to provide a reasoned assessment of both their personal merits and the overall results of the actions of the Kostroma militia. According to the results of the study of biographical information of the leaders of the Kostroma militia of 1812–1814, there are grounds for a number of conclusions. Firstly, the general command and militia regiments were headed by people with serious military experience: participants in the campaigns of the 1780s – 1790s, associates of A.V. Suvorov, participants in the military campaigns of 1805–1807. Secondly, among the commanders of military units there were persons with experience of civilian managers. And finally, it is particularly worth noting the full staffing of the militia regiments: from warrant officers to senior officers. This made it possible to put a man with military training at the head of each militia unit. As a result, the militia had high training and discipline, which was manifested in the Foreign campaign of 1813–1814 and when participating in military operations.

Keywords: Bardakov, militia, the Kostroma militia, the militia of the III district, people's militia of 1812-1814, the Foreign campaign of 1813-1814, The Patriotic War of 1812, Vyazemsky, Nebolsin, Tatishchev

Abstract: The formation of a new historical memory with the transformation of commemorative practices in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is primarily aimed at rethinking old practices and introducing new memory mechanisms. This process began at the end of the twentieth century throughout the entire territory of the Russian Federation. It should be noted that in addition to the beginning of the formation of a new all-Russian historical memory, local manifestations of memory associated with local peoples and their culture are being formed. In this article, we will try to consider this process of changing historical memory, precisely using the methods of concentration of memory sites, with one of the clearest examples of commemoration – the Yakut khomus, which can be considered one of the national symbols of Yakutia. The main method in this work is the methods of historical memory research, namely the methods of studying places of memory. In this work, for the first time, an attempt is made to explain through the concept of places of memory of Pierre Nora, which place in the historical memory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is occupied by the khomus, which is one of the main musical instruments of the Sakha people. The Yakuts do not have such extensive musical instruments, compared with the peoples of Altai and Central Asia, the Yakuts are rich in oral folk and song creativity, which makes the khomus one of the main musical instruments of the people. The khomus, being a harp instrument, one of the oldest types of musical instruments, has passed through the centuries and has practically not changed its appearance, only technologies and production methods will be changed. The commemorative processes that occur with khomus are very interesting for scientists to study and consider.

Keywords: Culture, Cultural history, Yakut people, Vargan, side of memory, modern time, Yakutia, Commemoration, historical memory, Khomus

Abstract: The activity of Armenian diaspora around the world demonstrates strive for spiritual consolidation of its members and preservation of spiritual unity of the Armenian society. The subject of this research is the collective memory on the shared historical events, which is one of the key markers of the ethnic and cultural identity of Armenians alongside the language affiliation, religious beliefs, reminiscences about the native country, customs and traditions. The object of this research is the modern Armenians, namely youth, who were born or moved to Moscow. The main goal of the article consists in tracing the transformation of collective consciousness of the modern Armenian diaspora in the capital. The research was conducted within the framework of implementation of the project “The Peculiarities of Formation and Development of Armenian Diaspora of Moscow in the late XX – early XXI centuries”, supported by the grant of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research No. 18-59-0500718. The empirical foundation for this work is the survey of representatives of the Armenian diaspora of Moscow carried out in 2018. Based on this survey, analysis was conducted on the trends that reflect attitude of the youth diaspora towards most significant historical events, as well as prominent figures from the history of Armenian people. The conclusion is made on specificity of collective memory and its role for self-identification of the Armenians who live outside their homeland.

Keywords: Monte Melkonian, Karabakh war, Armenian genocide, baptism of Armenia, Moscow Armenians, national and cultural identity, collective memory, Armenian diaspora, Garegin Nzhdeh, Tigran The Great

Abstract: The subject of this research is the peculiarities of structuring and reproduction of cultural traumas in the environment of migration communities. Based on the national and foreign studies of migration sphere of the modern German society, as well as a series of empirical research carried out the author in two federal lands of the Federative Republic of Germany, analysis is conducted on the specificity of structuring and reproduction of traumas of cultural memories among the refugees and forcefully displaced persons, ethnic and work migrants. The author compares the peculiarities of representation of cultural traumatic experience in migration and post-migration society. The use of systemic approach allowed determining the structure and constitutive relations between the key components of the process of reproduction and structuring of cultural traumas in migration environment. The structuring and reproduction of cultural traumas in migration environment depend on the position of receiving society and duration of stay of a migrant therein, specificity of the type of migration, intensity of contacts with the country of origin, as well as peculiarities of cultural memory of the country of origin. The novelty of this study consist not only in comparative analysis of the specificities of perception of the cultural traumatic experience within the environment of forcefully displaced persons, ethnic and work migrants of the modern Germany, but also juxtaposition of migration and post-migration society in the context of the questions of structuring and reproduction of cultural traumas. It is determines that the “post-migration society” contributes to transformation of the process of structuring of cultural traumas towards further fragmentation of the cultural traumatic experience, as well as emergence and dissemination of cultural traumas related to the most tragic pages in the history of humanity overall.

Keywords: refugees, internally displaced persons, migration policy, post-migration society, migration society, historical memory,, individual trauma, cultural trauma, labor migration, ethnic migration

Abstract: This article examines the preservation mechanisms of multiple monuments of the Great Patriotic War in post-Soviet Armenia and the processes of reconsideration of their symbolic meaning for the commemorative practices of recent years. Shortly after the acquisition of sovereignty, Armenia has begun the process of reconsideration of the Soviet crucial events, which led to the fight against the Soviet monuments. Monuments of the Great Patriotic War are the only ones out of the Soviet monuments in Armenia that continue to be interpreted in the previous context. However, multiple monuments of the Great Patriotic War not only have lost their former role in the symbolic landscape of post-Soviet Armenia, but also completely neglected. Throughout the post-Soviet years, multiple monuments to the victims of Nagorno-Karabakh War and Spitak earthquake were erected on the territories of the monuments of Great Patriotic War, forming the pantheons. Based on examination of the monuments erected during the Soviet period dedicated to the victims and heroes of Patriotic War, its is underlined that these monuments and their territories were transformed not only on the physical, but also the symbolic level. Using the methods of observation and interview, the author clarifies the specificity of perception of the aforementioned symbols by the residents of post-Soviet Armenia in celebration of the Victory Day. Over twenty years, May 9 alongside the Victory Day celebrates the Liberation of Shushi and Day of Establishment of the Defense Army; thus, the reminiscence of the Great Patriotic War has gained the national content and lost its former dominant symbolic meaning in public memory. On the other hand, due to the emergence of new pantheons, have activated the subjects of commemorative practices of the recent years.

Keywords: commemorative practices, graveyard, pantheon, Artsakh War, Great Patriotic War, monument, memorial, war memorial, Victory Day, cityscape

Abstract: The subject of this research is social memory in the system of culture. The aim of the present study was to identify the place and role of social memory in the system of culture. This is through the solution of several problems:1. An analysis of the concept of social memory.2. The study of typology of social memory.3. The place and role of social memory in the system of culture. The paper presents an overview and analysis of the various approaches to the study of social memory. The main focus of the work done on the typology of social memory on the basis of the information approach. As the main methods of research used the method of analysis, synthesis, typology, structural-functional method, information approach, activity approach. The main conclusions of the research are:1. The study of the concept of "social memory" showed that its content differs depending on the approach used in the study.2. The use of information approach to the study of social memory as a concept and as a phenomenon allowed us to determine:social memory is the carrier of culture;- the most comprehensive typology of social memory is the typology constructed on the basis of the information approach, where it is considered as a type of social information.

Keywords: culture, social pamati, historical memory, cultural memory, social experience, socialization, social information, social code, ollective memory, information approach

Abstract: The paper examines the question of tradition as it was raised by theoretical thought of the West in the XVII-XVIII centuries and then was being reconsidered throughout the whole XX century by leading scholars in the field of cultural (social) anthropology, sociology, cultural studies, memory studies, etc. The author of the article pays special attention to transformations in understanding of tradition occurred at the end of XX – the beginning of the XXI centuries, among which the issue in 1983 in Cambridge the anthology «The invention of tradition» (edited by E. J. Hobsbawm and T. O. Ranger) is emphasized. The methods of of theoretical cultural research are used, as well as the genetic method allowing to give the characteristic to the phenomenon proceeding from the features of its origin, and partly the approach of comparative studies are used. We make correlations between "traditiology" and memory studies as the same area of complex study of phenomenon of transfer of cultural information and constantly developed process of reconstruction of culture. We also trace correlation between “tradition studies” and memory studies as representing, in fact, the same area of interdisciplinary study of transmission of cultural information and constantly developing process of reconstruction of culture.

Keywords: social values, cultural memory, cultural heritage, memory studies, cultural sciences, tradition studies, tradition, history, the past, social practices