Citations count: 7
Reference:
Khimenkov A.N., Stanilovskaya J.V. —
Phenomenological model of the formation of gas emission craters as exemplified by Yamal crater
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2018. – ¹ 3.
– P. 1 - 25.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2018.3.27524 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=27524
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the gas emission crater (Yamal crater), located in the southern part of Bovanenkovo deposit on the Yamal Peninsula. Generalization of data on the structure of crater soils components, natural conditions and laboratory results, allowed building a phenomenological model of the Yamal crater, with identification of different stages of its development. The cause for the emergence of the gas emission craters is the formation within the subsurface of permafrost rocks of the underground gas accumulation zones with the abnormally high pressure. The diverse geological and thermodynamic factors substantiate the various scenarios of their development. The main research method lies in consideration of the different structural elements of the Yamal crater as the phenomena that reflect the processes of its formation. In determination of the processes that form the gas emission craters, the authors apply the method of analogies. The conclusion is made that the gas emission craters eventuate the self-development of the fluid dynamics geosystems, which are the local ice-surface gas-saturated formations in non-equilibrium thermodynamic state in relation to the enclosing permafrost rocks. The development of the selected geosystems is defined by paragenetic links between gas filtration processes and deformations of gas-saturated ice-surface material (from viscoplastic motion to brittle fracture). The Yamal crater is a particular example of a full and complete life cycle of the development of selected geosystems: from the initial stage – the formation of conditions for decomposition of gas hydrates, to the final stage – the explosion and release of ice-surface material.
Citations count: 6
Reference:
Zheltenkova N.V., Gagarin V.E., Koshurnikov A.V., Nabiev I.A. —
Regime geocryological observations of the high altitude mountain passes of Tien Shan
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2020. – ¹ 3.
– P. 25 - 43.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2020.3.33535 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=33535
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Abstract:
This article examines the questions of assessment of the state and dynamics of frozen rocks in the conditions of changing climate on the territory of Tien Shan. The consists in evaluation of geocryological conditions of frozen rocks in Northern and South-Western Tien Shan regions in accordance with the data of regime observations conducted by authors on the equipped stationary sites of high altitude mountain passes. The article provides the results of a set of methods of geocryological and geophysical research, including drilling of engineering-geocryological wells with sampling and determination of the structure and composition of soils, thermometry in wells, geophysical profiling with construction of geoelectric sections. The proposed set of geophysical methods allows stratifying the section, obtain the boundaries of thawed and frozen rocks, as well as follow the dynamics of dangerous cryogenic processes. The geophysical TEM method for work in the mountains features a number of advantages – the absence of galvanic grounding, mobility of installation, determination in addition to the characteristics of the rock resistance, polarization, the high values of which (according to laboratory data) indicate the presence of ice. The importance of direct observations and geocryological monitoring is emphasized, since in the zones of proliferation of high altitude permafrost, climate warming can lead to the activation of catastrophic processes such as mudflows, outbursts of glacial mountain lakes, landslides, thermal erosion, and thermokarst. Therefore, constant monitoring of the glacial zone is necessary for determination of the new and assessment of the state of the existing foci of hazardous exogenous geological processes.
Citations count: 5
Reference:
Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
Geochemical composition of ground ice of the Russian Arctic
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2016. – ¹ 2.
– P. 99 - 115.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2016.2.21378 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=21378
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Abstract:
The paper studies the composition of water-soluble salts of ice wedges and massive ice of different regions of the Russian Arctic: Western Siberia, central and northern Yakutia, Chukotka. The research methodology is based on the fact, that the chemical composition of ground ice reflects the hydrochemical conditions of the period of ice formation or freezing and can serve as an important criterion for the reconstruction of a paleo-facial component in paleo-geocryological elaborations. To compare the ice of different regions, the author develops a hydro-chemical classification (systematization) of ground ice: ultra-fresh ice with mineralization less than 50 mg / l, fresh ice - 50-200 mg / l, desalted - 200-400 mg / l, light-salted - 400-1000 mg / l, mesohaline - 1000-5000 mg / l, highly saline - 5000 mg / l and more. The author finds out that ice mineralization is less than 0.05 g / l in more than a half of samples from the ice wedges in Chukotka, while the ice samples with the same mineralization reach only 16% of cases in Western Siberia and 14% of cases in Northern Yakutia. However, if we take a broader range – (mineralization less than 0.15 g / l), then the closest resemblance is observed. This range includes almost 100% of the analyzed samples in Chukotka, 89% in Western Siberia and 80% in Northern Yakutia. These findings suggest that though there are regional differences between the composition of salts in permafrost sediments of different Arctic regions of Eurasia (caused primarily by the uneven nature of air masses transport in wintertime and the different influence of seas and oceans), their similarity is much more significant. This manifests itself in low mineralization and dominance of hydrocarbons, indicating, most likely, the atmospheric nature of water that had fed ice wedges in the Late Pleistocene, in the Holocene and the present time. Certain findings of high-salt ice wedges in rare cases indicate the possibility of sea, lagoon and bog waters participation in the ice wedges formation in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene in the shallow water conditions. In the coastal areas high mineralization indicates the involvement of dead and salt-affected waters of seasonally thawed layer. Data on the hydrochemical composition of massive ice are often decisive for determining the genesis of ice layer. It had resulted in increase of salinity downward the massive ice section Ledyanaya Gora (Ice Mountain) in the Yenisei River valley, indicating the intra-ground origin of the ice. The lower horizons of massive ice in the New Siberian Archipelago formed syngenetically by the injection. Strongly mineralized (4700 mg / l) massive ice formed at epigenetic freezing process found in wells at great depths in the northern Urals and Pai-Khoi.
Citations count: 5
Reference:
Galkin A., Pankov V.Y. —
The effect of the iciness of the soil on the depth of thawing of the road base
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2022. – ¹ 2.
– P. 13 - 19.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2022.2.38103 EDN: ENCKQG URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=38103
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Abstract:
One of the important parameters determining technical solutions in the design of highways in the cryolithozone is the depth of thawing of the soils of the road base. The aim of the work was to quantify the degree of influence of the iciness of the soil foundations of roads in the cryolithozone on the depth of their seasonal thawing. For the analysis, the classical formula for calculating the thawing depth for bodies of plane symmetry, obtained by solving the single-phase Stefan problem, was used. The results of calculations are presented in the form of 2D and 3D graphs, which allow us to visually assess the effect of the iciness of the soil and the degree of its change during the operation of the road on the depth of thawing of the road base. It was found, in particular, that the degree of change in the depth of thawing at the same value of the increase in ice content in different ranges (for example, from 10 to 20% and from 30 to 40%) for the considered typical case of the ground base of the cryolithozone decreases by almost 1.3 times. It is shown that the greater the initial iciness of the soil, the degree of decrease in the depth of thawing when the iciness changes by a constant value will be less. A 3D graph was built to determine the depth of thawing of the soils of the active layer of the road base in a wide range of possible changes in ice content during the construction and use of the highway. The availability of a schedule allows to quickly assess possible options for changing the depth of thawing and make a correct, informed technical decision when designing the road. For example, when assessing the need to use a special heat-protective layer in road clothing. Further directions of research in this area should be aimed at studying the effect of humidity (iciness) of dispersed soils on the depth of thawing of road foundations, taking into account the dependence of the density and thermal conductivity of the soil on the iciness.
Citations count: 4
Reference:
Khimenkov A.N., Vlasov A.N., Volkov-Bogorodskii D.B., Sergeev D.O., Stanilovskaya J.V. —
Fluid dynamic geosystems in the permafrost. Part 2. Cryolithodynamic and cryogaseous dynamic geosystems
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2018. – ¹ 2.
– P. 48 - 70.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2018.2.26377 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=26377
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Abstract:
The second part of the article is devoted to the consideration of the conditions for the development of two types of fluids in permafrost: frozen soils, and ice flows and gas flows. This work is hampered by the lack of a corresponding conceptual and terminological base, developed classifications, systematized features, differentiation of genetically distinct dynamic formations in frozen soils. In this work, the conceptual fluid dynamics terminology used in geology is analyzed and the possibility of its use in geocryology is considered. The main attention is concentrated on the construction of phenomenological models for the fluids formation in permafrost, supplemented by the structural method and by the method of actualism. The conditions for the development of various types of lithogenous fluids are analyzed: through the formation of a nucleus of rigidity, the motion of frozen soils along the slope, subaquatic landslides, and folding at the lateral surface of growing ice wedges. Based on the analysis of the structure of the gas emission crater (Yamal Crater), the possibility and conditions of gas filtration through icy frozen soils are considered. A mathematical model of the pressure filtration of gas fluids in structurally heterogeneous soils is proposed on the basis of the Brinkman equation applied to the frozen soils.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Agafonova E., Polyakova Y., Romanenko F. —
Diatoms in the Holocene sediments of the Tersky Ñoast of the White Sea in connection with the history of its development in the postglacial time
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2020. – ¹ 2.
– P. 1 - 16.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2020.2.32632 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=32632
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Abstract:
This paper demonstrates the results of diatom analysis of the Holocene sediments from the southeastern part of the Tersky Coast of the White Sea. The main subject of the study is the diatom assemblages’ concentration and composition, as well as the ratio of the main diatom ecological groups in sediments. The study sites were located on the Tersky Coast from the village Chavanga to the right coast of the Varzuga River, at heights from 17 to 52 m. Our reconstruction of the Tersky Coast of the White Sea development is based on diatom study of Holocene sediments from three cores. Age was determined according to radiocarbon dating. In this work, the author determines the features of environmental development, starting from the first half of the early Holocene, clarified the age of the main transgressive stages - Folas, Tapes, Trivia and the absolute heights of their marine sediments. According to the changes in concentration and composition of the main ecological groups of diatoms, the author records the significant trends in the water temperature changes in coastal reservoirs and hydrobiological conditions in the Holocene, such as short-term decrease in the temperatures of the end of Boreal and the first half of Atlantic time, the Holocene hydrobiological optimum, and changes in temperatures of the Subboreal and Subatlantic time.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Budantseva N.A., Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
Weighting of isotopic composition of ice-wedge casts of Central Yakutia due to active evaporation of surface waters
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2017. – ¹ 3.
– P. 53 - 68.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2017.3.24541 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=24541
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Abstract:
The research object is the isotopic composition of oxygen and hydrogen of ice-wedge casts, surface waters and atmospheric precipitation in Central Yakutia near the Mammoth Mountain, where the conditions are favourable in summer for evaporation and continental salinization of permafrost and subsurface ice. Special attention is given to the analysis of high indexes of isotopic composition of ice-wedge casts of the late Pleistocene, which can’t be explained by higher winter temperatures during the formation of ice wedges. The authors use hydrochemical data showing the signs of continental salinization in the fragments of wedges with heavy isotope composition. The main research method is the definition of isotopic composition of oxygen and hydrogen in the ice. In graphic form, one of the indicators of evaporation is the evaporation line, whose inclination on the dependency diagram δ18Î – δ2Í is around 5. The authors show that continental salinization of the landscapes of Central Yakutia can be explained by the combination of the processes of perennial freezing of sediments and evaporation during summer seasons. The authors design the system of indexes of continental salinization of cryogenic lacustrine-boggy landscapes on the basis of isotopic and hydrochemical data of surface waters and subsurface ice: 1 – abnormal heavy isotopic composition; 2 – isotopic composition indexes are on the evaporation line, whose angle of inclination (usually lower than 5) is lower that the angle of inclination of the global meteoric water line (8); 3 – high salinity of ice-wedge casts and sediments with prevailing continental salts. The obtained results are accurate and can be easily reproduced by any isotope laboratory in the world.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Vasil'chuk Y.K., Shmelev D.G., Budantseva N.A., Cherbunina M.Y., Brouchkov A.V., Vasil'chuk A.C., Chizhova J.N. —
Oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition of the Mamontova Gora and Syrdakh syngenetic ice wedges and reconstruction of the Late Pleistocene winter palaeotemperatures in Central Yakutia
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2017. – ¹ 2.
– P. 112 - 135.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2017.2.23189 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=23189
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Abstract:
The subject of the study is the Late Pleistocene and Holocene syngenetic ice wedges of the Mamontova Gora and Syrdakh outcrops and the reconstruction of winter temperatures of ice wedge formation periods. The main study objects are ice wedges over 7 m high in the upper part of the 50-60-meter heigh terrace of the Mamontova Gora, the ice wedges are surrounded by the 9-12 m thick lacustrine loamy sediments. The Holocene and modern ice wedges on the high flood plain of the Aldan River are also studied. In the thermoerosine ravine near Lake Syrdakh the Late Pleistocene ice wedges were also studied. The main research methods are the mass-spectrometry analysis of the oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition of the Late Pleistocene, Holocene and modern ice wedges. Also a direct dating of microinnclusions of organics material from ice wedges by the AMS method in the Mamontova Gora was performed. New radiocarbon dates of organic matter from sediments surrounding and overlying of ice wedges has been obtained. Using the known ratios of mean winter and mean January temperatures with isotopic composition of ice wedges, the winter palaeotemperatures of Central Yakutia were reconstructed for key periods of the Late Pleistocene. The main conclusions of the study are: a) the mean winter air temperature during the majority of the period of formation of the Late Pleistocene ice wedges of the Mamontova Gora was in the range from -28 to -31 °C, the average January temperatures reached -42, -46 °C; b) in the Syrdach Lake region the winter conditions were slightly more severe: the mean winter temperature varied mainly from -30 to -32 ° C, the average January temperatures reached -44, -48 °C; c) in the Holocene, the average winter temperatures were higher: from -24 to -28 °C, and the mean January temperatures from -36 to -42 °C.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Vasil'chuk Y.K., Chizhova J.N., Budantseva N.A., Lychagin M.Y., Popovnin V.V., Tkachenko A.N. —
Isotopic composition of winter snow on the Aibga Ridge (Krasnaya Polyana), Western Caucasus
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2017. – ¹ 3.
– P. 99 - 118.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2017.3.24402 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=24402
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Abstract:
The object of the study is the isotopic composition of the January snow on the slopes of the Aibga and Psekhako mountains in Krasnaya Polyana in 2010 (29 snow samples) and 2017 (58 snow samples). In 2010, the snow cover was sampled on the Aibga ridges and the Psekhako Ridge. In 2017, on the slope of the Aibga ridge, fresh snow was sampled. Along the ski run Rosa Khutor, surface snow was also sampled. Isotopic composition measurements were performed using the Delta-V (Finnigan) mass spectrometer in the isotope-geochemical laboratory of the Faculty of Geography of Lomonosov Moscow State University. The authors of the study conclude that high values of the deuterium excess can be caused by three reasons: 1) the air mass itself, which had been above the inland areas for a long time, has changed its isotope characteristics due to re-evaporation and moisture condensation, 2) the conditions of condensation, when adiabatic cooling of the air mass leads to isotope depletion in the precipitation, more prominent for δ18O than for δ2H and 3) post-sedimentation processes on the snow surface. Perhaps the isotopic composition of the snow cover in Krasnaya Polyana is formed under the influence of all these three factors.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Vasil'chuk A.C., Vasil'chuk J.Y., Budantseva N.A., Vasil'chuk Y.K., Terskaya E.V., Krechetov P.P., Bludushkina L.B. —
Carbon and nitrogen ratio in the soils of the lithalsa landscapes in Sentsa River valley, East Sayan
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2020. – ¹ 1.
– P. 75 - 97.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2020.1.32245 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=32245
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Abstract:
The subject of this study is the ratio of carbon and nitrogen content in the soil of the lithalsa landscape in the Sentsa River valley. The focus is on the spatial distribution of C/N ratio in the genetic soil horizons: humus (A), illuvial (B), the parent rock(C), as well as in the buried peat horizon (T). The carbon and nitrogen content is analyzed in 70 samples using the element analyzer C, H, N, S –O EA 1110. Sample preparation included drying the soil through a sieve and grinding it with a rubber pestle in a porcelain mortar. It is found that cryogenic concentration of soil solutions, cryogenic heaving, thermokarst, zoogenic turbations, peat burial, and alluvial loam deposition are the main processes determining the peculiarity of soil formation within lithalsa landscapes. The maximum variation in the ratio of carbon and nitrogen content is observed in the illuvial horizon, while in the humus horizon and in the parent rock, as well as in the buried peat horizon, this indicator is of a smaller range.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Chizhova J.N., Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
Difficulties in the isotopic indication of the genesis Yamal's massive ice. Part 1. Marre-Sale
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2019. – ¹ 4.
– P. 33 - 51.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2019.4.31645 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=31645
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Abstract:
A review of published isotopic data on Yamal Peninsula massive ice near Marre-Sale polar station showed that there is a number of difficulties in indicating the genesis of the ice formation. The published data of δ18Î and δ2Í of sea water in the Yamal Peninsula coast are disconnect to idea of participation of this sea water as a water source for ice formation. Comparison with the correct δ18Î and δ2Í values of waters of the Barents Sea made it possible to establish the process of mixing seawater with isotopically light precipitation and showed that seawater was involved in the formation of ice. Another difficulty was the erroneous idea of ice formation in a closed system. Formation of ice occurred in an open system with a large amount of free water. Massive ice was most likely formed at the clay-sand boundary from free water, which in large quantities entered the sandy aquifer from lake talik. The water in the lake at the first stage was a mixture of sea and atmospheric waters, and then it was desalinated. The process of desalination and isotope depletion of lake water is responsible for a decrease in the δ18Î and δ2Í values of ice with depth.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Sal'va A.M. —
Tracking of areas of thermokarst occurrences from satellite images (on the example of the main water pipeline route in Central Yakutia)
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2020. – ¹ 2.
– P. 126 - 137.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2020.2.32860 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=32860
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Abstract:
In the areas of distribution of permafrost rocks and development of the ice complex, lake thermokarst is the main relief-forming process, which forms a characteristic alas relief. In addition to the formation of lakes, as a result of thermokarst subsidence, accompanied by water runoff, forms the thermo-sculptured relief including Baydzharakh and hummock-hollow forms. This leads to formation of thermokarst occurrences. The object of this research is thermokarst occurrences, namely, polygonal microrelief and frost splitting, explored in the section of the main water pipeline “Lena – Tuora-Kyuel – Tatta”, near the settlement of Maya Megino-Kangalassky Ulus of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). These thermokarst occurrences were identified from the satellite images that are publicly available on the Internet. The author also applied processing technique of engineering and geological data, literary and library materials were also used in the work. Field research and simple photography were also used for determining the shape and size polygons. The main conclusion consists in suggesting simple method that allows to conduct area zoning of the territory for activation of the polygonal microrelief as thermokarst occurrences. The research results of area zoning related to distribution of cryogenic processes can be used in technical-economic substantiation of the choice of routes of linear and other constructs.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Alekseev S.V., Alekseeva L.P., Svetlakov A.A., Kozyreva E.A., Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
Lithology and composition of frost mounds in the Sentsa river valley (the Oka plateau, the Eastern Sayan Mountains)
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2017. – ¹ 2.
– P. 136 - 149.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2017.2.23037 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=23037
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Abstract:
The research objects are permafrost sediments and frost mounds in the Sentsa river valley. The problem of their formation in the alluvium period attracts the attention of many scholars in different fields of study (from geo-botanists to specialists in geo-cryology). The complex pilot studies included boreholes drilling, detailed documentation of frost borehole samples, penetrated sections of frost mounds, and river terrace cusps, tacheometric survey of the Sentsa river valley, GPS-anchoring of reference sections and boreholes, defining the ice content (humidity), and the lithological, grain-size and microaggregate composition of lacustrine-alluvial sediments. The analysis has been performed by the specialists of the shared knowledge center “Geodynamics and geochronology” (the Institute of the Earth’s Crust of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk) using the modern methods. The authors conclude that frost mounds consist mainly of silt loams with the interlayers of heavy clay sand and ice lenses (up to 0,65 m). Cryo-textures are fissile, crossbedded, thick-schlier, wide-meshed, basal. The designed 3D model of the relief speaks for the presence of either a vast area with many frost mounds of different sizes, or of one gigantic mound, which at the present time is defragmented due to active thermokarst on a terrace above the flood-plain and thermoerosion of the sides of the Sentsa river. According to the preliminary data, frost mounds are cryogenic formations of a mixed segregation-intrusive genesis. The final goal of the research is the elaboration of a scenario of formation of permafrost lacustrine-alluvial sediments and the creation of a theoretic model of the Holocene evolution of frost mounds of the Oka plateau.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Khimenkov A.N., Koshurnikov A.V., Karpenko F.S., Kutergin V.N., Gagarin V.E., Sobolev P.A. —
On the filtration of gases in permafrost formations in light of the problem of degassing lithosphere of the Earth and formation of natural explosive processes in the cryolithozone
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2019. – ¹ 3.
– P. 16 - 38.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2019.3.29627 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=29627
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The object of this research is the problem of gas filtration in permafrost formations. Currently, geocryology identifies the movement capability of gas fluids is only within the thawed formations. The subject of this study is the processes substantiating and accompanying redistribution of gas in the gas emission craters, as well as in the samples of artificial ice exposed to gas pressure. The authors examine the summarized data on the structure of craters and conditions for their emergence such as: the zones of accumulation of subterranean gas with abnormally high pressure in the permafrost strata; filtration of gas into high-temperature frozen rocks and subsurface ice; formation of gas-saturated ice soil rods and their explosive destruction. Particular attention is turned to the laboratory examination of gas filtration in frozen rocks and ice. The main research method became the comparative data analysis on the changes of properties of the frozen soils and ice as they war up within negative temperatures. Exploring the samples of ice exposed to gas pressure, the authors apply the methods of textural and structural studies in the passing, reflected and polarize light. It is established that the frozen rocks and subsurface ice allow gas filtration in the conditions of forming the corresponding ratio of characteristics of the rocks (strength, deformative, structural) that depend on their temperature and pressure of the underlying soil gas. It is revealed that the aforementioned ratio is determined by the geological, landscape and climatic conditions. With the help of structural studies, the authors are first to describe the processes accompanying gas filtration within ice in the laboratory conditions.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Magritskii D.V., Povalishnikova E.S., Frolova N.L. —
History of studying the water runoff and water regime of the rivers of Russian Arctic zone in the XX – early XXI century
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2019. – ¹ 3.
– P. 61 - 96.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2019.3.29939 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=29939
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Abstract:
This article describes the history of scientific applied study of water regime of rivers of the Russian sector of Arctic region in the XX-XXI centuries. The authors highlight the stages and key vectors of priority research, which, at different times were substantiated by the need for ensuring functionality of the Northern Sea Route and transport arteries of navigable waterways, usage and consumption of water actively developing since the second half of the XX century, examination and forecasting of the consequences of global warming, emergence of the new methods of data collection and processing, physical-mathematical modeling of hydrological processes.. The article presents a detailed analysis on largest Arctic rivers, as well as synthesis of works containing the estimation of their runoff, regional water resources, consistencies and factors of space-time fluctuation, including under the influence of the increasing climate changes and anthropogenic load. Another segment of research is formed by the studies of the transformation of runoff, water regime and dynamics of waters in the mouths of Arctic rivers.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Vasil'chuk J.Y., Budantseva N.A., Garankina E.V., Shorkunov I.G., Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
Isotopic and geochemical features of histosols of the Bovanenkovo gas field, the Central Yamal Peninsula
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2017. – ¹ 1.
– P. 110 - 126.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2017.1.22331 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=22331
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Abstract:
Polygonal tundra histosols are among the most widespread soils of the Central Yamal Peninsula (around Bovanenkovo) together with Gleysols and Cryosols. The authors study the trench crossing the peat polygons on the surface of the third terrace near Bovanenkovo village. The authors study the transformation of sub-types of histosols from oligotrophic to eutrophic histic horizons. It is impossible to properly describe the soils of those flat-topped polygonal landscapes, according to the current classification of Russian soils, due to the small variety of organic horizons and strict criteria for their differentiation. The authors assigned Sphagnum horizon to the horizon T, and the underlying layer of eutrophic peat – to the TE horizon. Thus the authors classify such type of soil as eutrophic peat despite the presence of oligotrophic peat components. The age of peat was ascertained using the scintillation radiocarbon methodic. Carbon dioxide emission was measured by a portable gas-analyzer. The content of oxygen, carbon and nitrogen in the peat was measured as well as the composition of carbon stable isotopes . The considered Histosols are aged 2,5 thousand years. At the top of the polygonal mound in the profile the authors trace an increase in sulfur (apparently associated with the darker colored peat layer) and nitrogen content and a decrease in the carbon content. At the same time local maximum of the carbon isotope composition was observed. The carbon content varies in general from 45 to 28%. The carbon isotope composition is from –25.5 to –28 ‰, which is close to the values in organic horizons of soils in the Arctic regions.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Khimenkov A.N., Koshurnikov A.V., Stanilovskaya J.V. —
Geosystems of gas-saturated permafrost
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2020. – ¹ 2.
– P. 65 - 105.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2020.2.32698 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=32698
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Abstract:
The object of this study is the geosystems of gas-saturated permafrost. Currently, the theoretical basis for examination of gas component in permafrost is practically not developed. At the same time, the theoretical and practical significance of this problem has rapidly increased in recent years. This is due to gas emissions during drilling of wells in frozen rocks, the identification of significant greenhouse gas emissions in the Arctic, the detection of previously unknown processes in the permafrost zone – the formation of craters due to gas emissions.The main method applied in the article is the analysis of research materials. The synthesis of the results was carried out on the basis of the geosystem approach. The authors are first to demonstrate that gas-saturated zones in seasonally and permafrost rocks have all the attributes of geosystems: localization in space, boundaries, morphology, individual structure and properties, development history, life cycle, hierarchy. Five types of geosystem were determined: active layer; genetic type; confined to geological structures; secondary, associated with the decomposition of gas hydrates in vivo; technogenic (due to thermal or mechanical effects on hydrated and gas saturated frozen rocks). The artcile describes promising directions in studying gas-saturated geosystems of permafrost zone, as well as the advanced research methods.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Vasil'chuk A.C., Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
Palynological diagrams of Holocene sediments and ice wedges at the mouth of the Seyakha River (Zelenaya), Yamal Peninsula
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2021. – ¹ 2.
– P. 93 - 107.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2021.2.36003 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=36003
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Abstract:
This article examines the sections of the high floodplain of the Seyakha River (Zelenaya) and sections of Holocene peat layers with ice wedges on the third terrace. Palynospectra from sediments and ice wedges of the high floodplain are characterized by a rhythmic fluctuations typical to floodplain facies. The presence of spruce pollen is related to resedimentation, since spruce pollen is detected in the samples with the composition of verifiably resedimented palynomorphs around 10% or higher. The change in composition of the pollen of Siberian pine, scots pine, and birch tree is associated with a change in wind drift, since fluctuations in the composition of the pollen of these taxonomic units do not correlate with fluctuations in resedimented palynomorphs. Therefore, the three periods of increased wind drift and possible increase in pollen productivity can be determined based on mid-period contrast changes in the structure of palynospectra. At the same time, the local peak of cereals is replaced three times by the maximum pollen of dwarf birch and alder. The absence of larch trunks can be substantiated by fires, the traces of which are observed in the section, as well as that larch at the northern limit of its habitat has crumbly wood tissue, which is being rapidly destroyed. Tree limb, needles, and cones usually remain, while the wood tissue is absent. It is assumed that ice wedges formed here 8.5-6 thousand years ago during a single cycle of the change in wind direction and speed , when prevalence of birch tree pollen with some alder pollen at a relatively low pollen concentration was replaced by the dominance of gramineae pollen, and then, dwarf birch pollen in the spring pollen rain. Palynospectra of these ice wedges indicates an increase in the sum of positive temperatures from 8.3 to 6 thousand years.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Maslakov A., Belova N.G., Baranskaya A.V., Romanenko F.A. —
Massive ice beds of the eastern coast of the Chukchi Peninsula under climate change: some results of the 2014-2018 expeditions
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2018. – ¹ 4.
– P. 30 - 43.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2018.4.28528 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=28528
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Abstract:
The article presents preliminary results of field studies of the outcrops of the eastern coast of the Chukchi Peninsula, containing massive ice beds. The expeditions were conducted in 2014–2018. Descriptions and photographs of ice and enclosing sediments are given. Four outcrops of ice up to 4.7 m thick and up to 45 m long are described within the Saint Lawrence Bay and Mechigmensky Bay. The morphology of the massive ice bodies, a variety of ice structures and host sediments allow suggesting their polygenetic origin. The results of long-term active layer thickness monitoring indicated that the intensification of thaw slump events in the past four years is associated with the increase in the depth of thawing, which in 2018 reached highest values in over two decades. The formation of thaw slumps and associated thermocirques is cyclic. As the active layer thickness increases, their number increases, forming nested thermocirques, and as the thaw depth decreases, cryogenic creep slows down.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Agafonova S. —
Exploration of the river ice regime of the Russian Arctic Zone in the XX and XXI centuries
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2019. – ¹ 1.
– P. 81 - 94.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2019.1.29530 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=29530
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Abstract:
The ice phenomena on the Arctic rivers often cause hazardous hydrological conditions and processes: ice-clogging floods and ice dams; damage of hydraulic structures and the fleet during the spring ice run. In winter, the rivers are used for navigation and construction of ice crossings. The article demonstrates the key stages in studying the ice regime of Arctic Zone rivers in the XX century. The author examines the peculiarities of establishment of the monitoring system and methods of ice forecasts in the conditions of limited network of hydrological posts. The research presents the main approaches for assessing the possible changes in the characteristics of river ice regime, flowing in the severe climatic conditions, with variable anthropogenic impact and different scenarios of climate change. The most promising directions of the modern river ice research of in Russia and foreign countries are highlighted: the use of satellite imagery data; the development of new approaches in ice forecasts; assessment of the response of ice regime to the climate change. It is demonstrated that the advancement of these directions is possible on the basis of national and global experience.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Kuznetsova A.O., Ivanova A.A., Slagoda E.A., Tikhonravova Y.V. —
Stable isotopes of carbon in modern plants of tracts of the key terrain of Marre-Sale (Western Yamal)
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2020. – ¹ 1.
– P. 57 - 74.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2020.1.32204 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=32204
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Abstract:
Studies of the dependence of the accumulation of stable carbon isotopes on the growing conditions in modern plant species of tundra are very relevant. It was discovered that the same plant species accumulate the stable 13C isotope in different ways. The goal of this work is to reveal the relationship between the content of the stable 13C isotope in modern plants and the natural conditions of typical terrains of the tundra of the Western Yamal. At the geocryological station Marre-Sale, modern plant species were selected that grow under conditions of different moisture and remoteness from the sea. Modern plant species were determined using determinant atlases, carbon isotope contents using a DELTA V Advantage isotope mass spectrometer in the laboratory of LBIT (IMCES SB RAS). In different tracts, for identical plants the distribution of carbon isotopes depending on moisture was confirmed: the heavier 13Ñ accumulates in dry ones, and lighter in humid and moist ones. It was determined that near the sea, the same plants of dry and wet tracts accumulate heavier 13Ñ due to the influence of marine aerosols.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Frolov D.M., Koshurnikov A.V., Gagarin V.E., Nabiev I.A., Dodoboev E.I. —
Study of the Cryosphere of the Zeravshan and Hissar Ranges (Tien Shan)
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2022. – ¹ 4.
– P. 1 - 10.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2022.4.39279.2 EDN: UWMRZU URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=39279
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Abstract:
This paper presents brief results of studying the cryosphere of the Zeravshan and Hissar Ranges. At the same time, the rate of change in the area of glaciers over the past almost one hundred years and the presence and degradation of permafrost during this time were considered. The actual description of the numerical method for estimating the depth of soil freezing based on data on the thickness of the snow cover and air temperature was also given. An example of using this numerical method for estimating the depth of soil freezing on the slopes was given to map the cryolithozone of the Zeravshan and Hissar Ranges. According to the calculations, the ground under the snow cover remains frozen on the Anzob Pass from December to April. The power of the accumulated snow cover can reach one and a half meters or more. At the same time, the soil under the snow-covered surface freezes, according to calculations, by an average of 1.5 m. Thus, the proposed method for calculating the dynamics of the depth of soil freezing based on air temperature data and snow cover thickness made it possible to assess soil freezing as a factor of soil stability during the construction of village and avalanche protection structures. Thus, the Anzob Pass belongs to an area of seasonal freezing of rocks. Considering the gradient of the average annual temperature of rocks, we can conclude that permafrost rocks on the Hissar Range can be expected at altitudes of more than 4,000 meters.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Agafonova S. —
River ice regime of the Arctic zone of Western Siberia under the modern climatic conditions
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2017. – ¹ 2.
– P. 25 - 33.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2017.2.22649 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=22649
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The paper contains the results of the hydrological generalization of the features of river ice regime of the Arctic zone of Western Siberia. The rivers under study (Nadym, Pur, Taz, the lower Ob and others) flow in swamped lowland in the area of permafrost, which defines the peculiarities of their hydrological conditions. The author studies the ice regime of navigation and ice crossing on these rivers. Special attention is given to the characteristics of the level regime in the period of ice phenomena, which helps define the danger of ice-related floods. The research is based on the data of 40 stage gauges from the start of measurements to 2014. The author demonstrates the patterns of special distribution of the main characteristics of the ice regime, determined by the dependence of average values on the geographic latitude of the studied areas. The author considers regional peculiarities of the conditions of ice level growth during the ice formation period and defines the floodable inhabited areas.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Budantseva N.A., Chizhova J.N., Bludushkina L.B., Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
Stable isotopes of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon and the age of palsa nearby the urban-type settlement of Yeletsky, northeast of Bolshezemelskaya tundra
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2017. – ¹ 4.
– P. 38 - 56.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2017.4.25087 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=25087
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Abstract:
This article considers the migration frost mounds (palsa) in the settlement of Yeletsky in the northeast of Bolshezemelskaya tundra. The new radiocarbon dating on the frost mounds of various size and different stages of development within the boundaries of massif explored by the authors in 2000 and 2015. The work meticulously examines the representative 3m high frost mound with no signs of destruction, covered with peat having capacity over 1m. The object of the research is defined by the goal to characterize the conditions of peat accumulation and identify the moisture sources that form the upper part of the ice core. For the radiocarbon dating was selected the thawed peat on the top or shoulder of the mound. In the shafts was minutely (at intervals of 5-10cm) selected the peat for identifying the concentration of carbon and nitrogen and isotopic composition of carbon and nitrogen. From the bottom of the shaft using the electric ice auger MORA-ICE was drilled the wellbore in frozen peat and the underlying frozen loam, as well as selected the ice lenses. The determination of isotopic composition of oxygen and hydrogen of ice were conducted using the mass spectometer Delta-V; radiocarbon dating of the peat carried out in laboratory of archeological technology of the Institute of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The scientific novelty consists in the comprehensive approach towards exploring the peat deposit covering the frost mound.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Budantseva N.A., Vasil'chuk J.Y., Maslakov A.A., Vasil'chuk A.C., Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
Chemical composition of Holocene ice wedges in the northeast of Chukotka
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2017. – ¹ 2.
– P. 34 - 53.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2017.2.22980 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=22980
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The Chukchi Peninsula or Chukotka Peninsula at about 66° N 172° W, is the eastmost peninsula of Asia. Its eastern end is at Cape Dezhnev near the village of Uelen. It is bordered by the Chukchi Sea to the north, the Bering Sea to the south, and the Bering Strait to the east. Most of the Chukchi Peninsula is occupied by highlands up to 1000 m a.s.l height. Lowlands are found, as a rule, near large lagoons. The main features of the area (from Anadyr' town to Lavrentiya) are represented by a slightly hilly relief formed by fluvial erosion and marine abrasion of the Mesozoic blocks. For the determination of the ion composition of ice wedges, ice samples were taken both horizontally with an interval of 10-12 cm and vertically with an interval of 10-15 cm. The ion composition of the ice was analyzed by ion chromatography method in the geochemistry laboratory of the Department of Landscape Geochemistry and Soil Geography of the Faculty of Geography of Lomonosov Moscow State University on the ion chromatograph "Stayer". The detection limit for chloride ion was 0.02 mg / l. The hydrochemical composition of snow, rivers and lakes water, segregated ice and partly of ice wedges was carried out in the hydrochemical laboratory of PNIIIS by acid-base titration. Continuous permafrost occurs everywhere beneath the ground surface. Taliks (up to 30-40 m thick) often occur underneath the largest thermokarst lakes and in the and under the lower reaches of large rivers. The temperature of the permafrost averages -10 ° C in the axial parts of the mountain ridges and -4 ... -6 ° C in river valleys and on the coasts. The thickness of the permafrost varies from 500-700 m in the highest parts of the ridges to 200-300 m in the interior valleys.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Vasil'chuk A.C., Budantseva N.A., Surkova G.V., Chizhova J.N. —
On the reliability of the Vasilchuk’s paleotemperature-isotopiv equations and the establishment of isotopic paleogeocryology
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2021. – ¹ 2.
– P. 1 - 26.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2021.2.36145 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=36145
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This article is dedicates to the assessment of the contribution of Professor Vasilchuk to the development of isotopic geocryology, as well as testing the reliability of paleogeocryological reconstructions based on the study of isotopic composition of polygonal ice wedges. His discovery of direct dependence of isotopic composition of the sprouts of modern ice wedges on the temperature characteristics of the winter season of 1989 marked the beginning of a promising research of the Holocene and Late Pleistocene syngenetic ice wedges as a reliable paleoclimatic archive. He was first to obtain the characteristics of the winter period for the late Pleistocene and Holocene, as well as create the maps for distributing paleotemperatures for the key periods of Late Pleistocene. The data on the isotopic composition of ice wedges acquired by other scholars later fit into the distribution of paleotemperature within the cryolithozone reconstructed by Professor Vasilchuk. For establishing the degree of reliability of paleotemperature reconstructions, the authors tested the ratio proposed by Y. K. Vasilchuk and regression equations from the works of Konyakhin, Mayer, and Oblogov. The acquired results demonstrate that the values of winter-average and January-average temperatures in reconstruction by Vasilchuk’s ratio always fall within the reliability interval in the entire modern temperature range. Testing the current temperature using regression equations often determine a considerable deviation (often within 3-4°C) from the actual values of winter-average and January-average temperatures.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Frolov D.M., Seliverstov Y.G., Sokratov S.A., Koshurnikov A.V., Gagarin V.E., Nikolaeva E.S. —
Investigation of the Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity of Snow Thickness at the Meteorological Site of the Lomonosov MSU in the Winter of 2022/2023
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2023. – ¹ 1.
– P. 1 - 13.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2023.1.40448.2 EDN: PGRHXP URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=40448
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This paper presents the results of field studies conducted at the MSU meteorological site for the winter period of 2022/2023. The purpose of the observations was to study the development of the snow column and its spatial variability in one winter season. Field research consisted of analyzing stratigraphic layers of snow and measuring their density. The data obtained made it possible to characterize and evaluate changes in snow layers, structure, and density in spatiotemporal terms. The results of the work are displayed on the graphs of the spatial and temporal variability of the snow cover for 2022/2023. The evolution of the snow column over the winter period is analyzed. The analysis of observations reflects a high spatial and temporal variability of snow cover in winter, which allows not only to evaluate and compare the data obtained with past studies but also to supplement and improve the already available information on the heterogeneity of snow cover.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
Spatio-temporal distribution of mean January air temperature over the Russian Arctic during 30-12 ka BP with high temporal resolution
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2016. – ¹ 1.
– P. 86 - 103.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2016.1.21310 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=21310
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The palaeoreconstructions of the mean January temperatures based on the distribution of δ values (oxygen isotope composition) in the Late Pleistocene ice wedges in yedoma dated by radiocarbon are yielded. Verification of the equation linking current data of δ values in modern ice wedges with mean January temperatures has been done. In yedoma of different regions of the Russian Arctic formed 30-12 ka BP made the analysis reliability of radiocarbon ages. It is enabled to set on the time scale the isotopic events with high temporal resolution - with step 2-4 ka. New maps of the mean January palaeotemperatures for the time intervals 30-28, 24-22, 20-18, 16-12 ka BP are created for the Russian Arctic.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Maslakov A.A., Kuziakin L.P., Komova N.N. —
Dynamics of the development of thermocirque with massive ice bed near the village of Lavrentia (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug) for 2018-2021
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2021. – ¹ 4.
– P. 32 - 46.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2021.4.37225 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=37225
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Massive ice beds are unique natural formations of cryolithozone, as well as important objects of research in the area of reconstruction of paleogeographic conditions and solution of the tasks of engineering geology. On the plains of Chukchi Peninsula, massive ice beds are common and represent regional geological peculiarity. The article traces the dynamics of recession of the edge of thermocirque and the evolution of the morphology of ice bed outcrop in 7 km south of the village of Lavrentia (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug) over the period from 2018 to 2021. The results of field observations indicate the active development of thermocirque over 4 years: its back wall in both corridors receded by 50-60 meters, increasing the area of the thermocirque by 3-4 times. The shape of the outcropping massive ice bed changed over time: in 2018, its main part was exposed in the northern part, in subsequent years, the bed was outcropped mainly in the northern part from the side of the deposits remnant (southern side) and in the southern part. The width of the bed varied from 5 m in 2018 to 15-20 m in 2019 and 2021. The ice thickness also varied in the northern part of the thermocirque from 2 m in 2018 to 6 m in 2019, while in the southern corridor it remained stable in 2020-2021 (about 5 m). A hypothesis has been put forward on the mechanism and time of ice bed formation. The acquired results suggest that the ice bed may have heterogeneous segregation-injectional genesis. It is revealed that the ice bed under review is part of a larger ice body and was outcropped as a result of the cyclic fluctuations of climatic characteristics that determine the depth of seasonal thawing of the soil.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Dashko R.E., Romanov I.S. —
Assessment of stability of the enclosing rocks of Kupol Deposit based on the analysis of their fundamental physical and mechanical properties (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Anadyr District)
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2020. – ¹ 3.
– P. 115 - 128.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2020.3.32222 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=32222
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Abstract:
The object of this research is the examination of stability of volcanogenic-sedimentary and effusive rocks in the mine workings of Kupol Deposit. The subject of this research is the analysis and assessment of the physical and mechanical properties of these rocks in the solid, considering the intensity of fracturing and the degree of their water content, using the indicators developed by Professor N. S. Bulychev and Professor G. L. Fisenko. The data acquired in real assessment of the state of rock mass prove the choice of applied ground support at Kupol mine. Research methodology is based on the analysis of structural-tectonic peculiarities of Kupol deposit, which defines the high degree of disintegration of complex set of rocks and dictates the need for development of staging approach towards characterization rock stability in mines – from the samples to the full array. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that this work is first to implement phasic approach towards evaluation of stability of the rocks in Kupol mine for transition from the results of laboratory studies of rock samples to assessment of their actual behavior during the exploration of the deposit in severe mining, geological and hydrogeological conditions. It is noted that the Deposit is associated with the volcano-tectonic depression of the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt, complicated by younger volcanogenic tectonic activity, and is located in the zone of the Middle Kayemraveemsky fault of 1st level of latitudinal outstretch. Analysis is conducted on the implemented system of field development in complex mining and geological conditions.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Budantseva N.A., Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
Ratio of isotopic parameters δ2H-δ18o in Late Pleistocene and Holocene ice wedge
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2021. – ¹ 3.
– P. 19 - 43.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2021.3.36636 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=36636
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The subject of this research is the ratio of isotopic parameters of deuterium of heavy oxygen in ice wedges. The authors considered such parameter as inclination of the line of the ration of deuterium of heavy oxygen in ice wedges. Proximal to GMLV (or LLMV) position of isotope values for ice wedge and inclination of the line proximate to 8 suggests that the ice wedge was formed from atmospheric precipitation (winter snow). The article provides separate examples of anomalous deuterium ratios of heavy oxygen with very low ration of line inclination, which in combination with the abnormally low dexc values indicate the indicate isotopic fractionation processes in snow before melting and/or melting snow water before filling frost-cutting cracks. Three author determines the three main types of ratios of deuterium m of heavy oxygen content in ice wedge: a) normal ratio δ2H-δ18O (with line inclination of the ratio proximate to GLMV or LLMW). b) ratio of deuterium of heavy oxygen to deviation from GLMV or LLMW (with signs of change in the primary isotope signal of atmospheric precipitation), c) anomalous ratio of deuterium of heavy oxygen. It is shown that the first two types are characteristic to most ice wedge under study in the vast part of the Russian cryolithozone from the European North to the east of Chukotka; the third type is obtained for several Holocene ice wedge in Transbaikal and upper Yenisei River. This may be explained by significant isotope transformation of snow cover in the conditions of distinctly continental climate.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Vasil'chuk Y.K., Vasil'chuk J.Y., Belik A.D., Ginzburg A.P., Budantseva N.A., Vasil'chuk A.C. —
Cryogenic soils near the Yeletsky settlement, northeast of the Komi Republic
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2020. – ¹ 4.
– P. 51 - 79.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2020.4.34011 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=34011
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The subject of this research is the soils and soil-geochemical catenae in the area of Yeletsky settlement, located in the northeast of the Komi Republic. Catena were deposited on the mound covered with moss-shrub tundra transect from the interfluve of Usa and Yelets Rivers to a lacustrine depression, complicated by arching permafrost mounds. Within the district of research, the authors laid five soil incisions (EL20-P1, EL20-P2, EL20-P3, EL20-P4 and EL20-P5) that formed a soil-geochemical catena along the slope. Complex land cover found at the periphery. The explored soils were formed on silty loams with permafrost horizon at a depth of 0.5-0.7 m and belong to Cryosols, Turbic Cryosols and Histic Gleysols. Cryosols in the upper part of catena show specific cryogenic granular structure due to lack of soil moisture content. The soils on the slope and in the depression are more saturated with water; therefore, structureless Turbic Cryosols and Histic Gleysols are formed. In the soil horizons, the values of pH and electrical conductivity were measured, the content of organic carbon and soil texture were studied. An increase in soil acidity on organogenic zones by 4.3 - 5.7 was noticed; in underlying horizons the pH values reach 6.9.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Efimov V.M., Vasil'chuk Y.K., Rozhin I.I., Popenko F.E., Stepanov A.V. —
Modeling of the temperature schedule of the soil foundations with thermal stabilizers in the cryolithozone of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2017. – ¹ 4.
– P. 86 - 97.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2017.4.25036 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=25036
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Abstract:
This article examines the issue of numerical modeling of the soil freezing-thaw process for projection of thermal stabilization system of soil building foundations in the cryolithozone of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The goal of this work consists in studying the process of formation of the temperature field of the massif of the soils under the effect of thermal stabilizers. Research is conducted on the process of formation of ice wall as the result of thermal exchange of the soil with the thermal stabilizers and external cool air during clearing of the snow cover from the construction site. The main conclusions of the conducted research include the need for development of mathematical models that would account for the mass exchange processes in the zones of effect of the thermal stabilizers with consideration of the conditions of formation of the cryogenic textures in the process of forced freezing of the soils. There is also a need for mathematical explanation of the phenomena of condensation and evaporation of Freon taking place inside the thermal stabilizers.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Budantseva N.A., Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
Hydrochemical composition of Holocene ice wedges near the town of Anadyr
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2020. – ¹ 4.
– P. 32 - 50.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2020.4.34659 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=34659
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The research is conducted on the Holocene ice wedges exposed in the outcrop of the first marine terrace near the town of Anadyr, on the east of the Chukchi Peninsula, on the coast of Onemen Bay. Polygonal Relief is clearly traced on the surface of the first sea terrace in the area of explorations, the size of the polygons is about 8x12 m. In the exposed terrace, turf with a capacity of about 1.5 m is striped, underlied with sand clay with capacity up to 2 m; below is the horizontally-stratified and. Ice wedges are embedded the turf (head of wedges) and in the underlying clay sand. The ice of wedges is vertically stratifies, yellowish gray. Ice wedges are also striped in turf outcrops with capacity of up to 2.5 m, embedded in form of a lens from the terrace surface. Ice from three most fully exposed ice wedges was sampled for hydrochemical analysis. A total of 20 ice samples were collected from Holocene ice wedges, as well as ice from modern ice veinlet and water from Onemen Bay. It was found that mineralization of the studied Holocene ice wedges is low, does not exceed 80 mg/L, Na+, Ca2+, and Cl- dominate. Similar values of mineralization and ionic composition were obtained for modern ice veinlet. The obtained data correspond with data on ice wedges studied in other regions of Chukotka, both continental and coastal. Mineralization of most of the previously studied ice wedges did not exceed 150 mg/L. Low values of mineralization of ice wedges near Anadyr demonstrate mainly meteoric source of water forming ice, i.e. winter precipitation, prevalence of sodium and chlorine indicates the capture of sea aerosols by precipitation or wind introduction of droplets from the water area of the Onemen Bay to the surface of the snow cover.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Vasil'chuk Y.K., Budantseva N.A., Bartova A.V., Zimov S.A. —
Variations of the stable oxygen isotopes in massive ice wedges of cyclical Yedoma of Stanchikovsky Yar on the Maly Anyui River
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2018. – ¹ 3.
– P. 37 - 56.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2018.3.27121 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=27121
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the cryolithological and isotope-geochemical peculiarities of massive ice wedges found in the Yedoma formation of Stanchikovsky Yar on the Maly Anyui River – the left affluent of the Kolyma River. The study was carried out in August 2018. The Yedoma with a height of 25-35 m was found over the span of 4 km downstream the river from Anyuysk village. The massive ice wedges are exposed in over 20 fragments of Yedoma at different heights – from 10 to 35 m. The following methods were applied in the course of the research: cryolithological study of the exposed ice wedges and analysis of the stable oxygen isotope variations in ice wedge. It study demonstrates that the polygonal ice complex of the Yedoma formation of Stanchikovsky Yar, in all likelihood, is represented by 3-4 layered ice wedges. The heads of ice wedges are embedded at the approximate altitudes of 35, 25, 15 and 10 m above the level of Maly Anyui River. The narrowly buried ice wedges of 0.5 m thickness also indicate the layerage of structure of the complex. The age of the explored by the authors ice wedges varies between 25 and 35 and 25-29 ka. In this period, based upon the persistently low values of oxygen-isotope composition of massive ice wedges, the climatic conditions were fairly severe; the average winter air temperatures comprised –31, –33°Ñ, while the average January could reach –46, –47°Ñ.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
Yedoma. Part 1. Annals of geocryological research in the XIX-XX centuries
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2022. – ¹ 4.
– P. 54 - 114.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2022.4.39339 EDN: DQRIKF URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=39339
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Abstract:
The subject of the study is the yedoma i.e. perennially frozen organic-bearing (>1–2% of Corg) and ice-rich (containing 50–90 vol. % of excess ice) silty, sandy loam and fine sand deposit of Late Pleistocene age. Yedoma with multi-stages syngenetic ice wedges (up to 15–20 meters high and up to 3.5 m wide) aged from 11.7 to 50 cal. ca BP often saturated with rock debris and gravel inclusions in intermountain basins and river deltas. The most famous regions of the Siberia, where yedoma is widespread, are the Kolyma and Yana-Indigirka lowlands, the New Siberian Islands, Lena and Vilyui River valley, Lena-Anabar, Anabar-Khatanga and Magadan regions, Yamal, Gydan and Taimyr Peninsula, Olekma, Biryusa valleys. In Alaska, these are slump on the Itkillik River and the Fox Permafrost Tunnel. Yedoma of the Klondike are known in the Yukon.
Sections with large ground ice in yedoma were first described in the early 19th century on the Alaska and the New Siberian Islands, the idea of syngenetic accumulation of permafrost arose in the late 19th - early 20th centuries, the mechanism of syngenetic formation of yedoma was described in the middle of the 20th century.
In the end of 20th century, studies of yedoma reached a new level. The oxygen and deuterium stable isotopes study of ice wedges together with radiocarbon ages of ice wedges gave the possibility to reconstruct the winter paleotemperature during yedoma formation. It was established the different genesis of yedoma also.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Vasil'chuk Y.K., Vasil'chuk J.Y., Ginzburg A.P. —
Cryogenic soils in the Vilyuy River Valley (Yakutia)
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2021. – ¹ 3.
– P. 80 - 107.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2021.3.36671 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=36671
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Abstract:
The object of this research is the cryogenic soils of the territory located in Central Yakutia, in the middle reach of Vilyuy River nearby Makhatta Tukulan with middle-taiga larch woods landscapes. In July 2021, on the right and left banks of the Vilyuy River, twelve soil sections have been formed, which relate to turf-podzols and turf-sub-units of the illovial-ferruginous, sod and alluvial sod, psammozems and stratozems according to to classification and diagnostics of Russian soils (2004). On the slope of the river valley was also formed the soil catena that included elementary geochemical landscapes of river terraces tops and slopes surfaces, as well as middle and high floodplains on the slopes of thermofusional funnels. Soil sections were also formed in flooded beam bottom and well-drained ravine bottom, on sub-horizontal Makhatta Tukulan surface, bottoms and slopes of thermo-suffosional funnels. The study involves 46 soil samples for measuring the acidity level (pH), electric conductivity (EC), and concentration of total disolved solids (TDS). The explored soils are characterized with pH ranging from 2.81 to 7.78, with most common fluctuations of 5.5–5.6. TDS rates were often within the limit of 10 mg L-1 and rarely exceeded that threshold, however, there were single valyes higher than 50 mg L-1. Thus, the highest EC values (over 100 μS/cm) were measured in surface and subsurface horizons with high organic matter content, whereas mostly mineral horizons had typical EÑ values within the limit of 20 μS/cm.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Vasil'chuk Y.K., Ginzburg A.P., Budantseva N.A., Vasil'chuk J.Y. —
Cryogenic Soils in the Chara River Valley (Transbaikalia)
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2022. – ¹ 3.
– P. 54 - 91.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2022.3.38689 EDN: JIVEUJ URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=38689
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The object of the study are the cryogenic soils located within the Chara valley. We attributed soils in a post-pyrogenic sparse larch forest on the terrace of the Chara River, to the type of gleyzems (Gleysols), subtypes - permafrost cryogenically ferruginized cryoturbated and permafrost cryogenically ferruginized post-pyrogenic. The field diagnostics of these two soils is ambiguous, since the soil profiles contain some morphological features that make it possible to identify them as podburs (Entic Podzols): a bright red color of the BF horizon, a sandy loam texture, containing less than 19% of clay particles (< 10 µm). Field diagnostics, together with laboratory studies, indicate that the soils in the section on the stone run at the top of the Udokan Ridge belongs to peat-lithozem (Histic Leptosols). Chemical analyses have shown that the described soils are acidic with pH ranges from 4.9 to 5.4 and relatively slightly saline, TDS ranges from 8.1 to 18.9 mg/L. The carbonate alkalinity is also relatively low: 2.4–4.8 mmol(-)/100 g of soil. The sections are strongly differentiated by the content of organic carbon. Permafrost peat-lithozem contains from 9.3 to 37.8%, permafrost cryogenically ferruginized post-pyrogenic gleyzem is much less enriched in it, the content here does not exceed 6.8%, usually being around 0.9%.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Vasil'chuk Y.K., Budantseva N.A., Chizhova J.N. —
Rapid palsa degradation near Abez' settlement, northeast of European Russia
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2017. – ¹ 3.
– P. 30 - 52.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2017.3.24432 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=24432
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Abstract:
The object of the study is the palsa located near Abez' settlement, in the Komi Republic, the northeast of European Russia. The authors re-examined the palsa in 2001, 2016 and 2017. The main research methods were: scrutinous fixation of the palsa morphology and its comparison with the photographs of different years; radiocarbon dating of peat; study of stable carbon isotopes in peat profiles. In 15 years' time, almost complete degradation of the palsa is observed. The height of the palsa has reduced by more than 2 m. Now their height does not exceed 1.5 m. During the period of 1960-2015, the average annual air temperature at nearby meteorological stations had been increasing by 2° C averagely. The most probable reason for the rapid degradation of the palsa in the area of Abez' settlement is a combination of a positive climatic trend and significant draining of the lake-marsh basin as a result of the construction of the Bovanenkovo-Ukhta gas pipeline, which crosses the southern part of the palsa. It is shown that the palsa in the southern regions - in the area of the Bugry Polyarnye and Nikita stations - have no signs of degradation.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Kotelevets D.V., Vasil'chuk J.Y. —
Complex geophysical study of lithalsa permafrost mounds in Sentsa river valley, Buryatia republic
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2018. – ¹ 1.
– P. 122 - 132.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2018.1.25935 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=25935
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The object of the study are ice-mineral permafrost mounds (lithalsas) in the valley of the Sentsa River in the Eastern Sayan Mountains (52º39.827' N, 99º29.858' E). The aim of the research is to study the internal structure of the mounds and, in particular, the depth of occurrence of ice lenses. The article examines the magnetic susceptibility of alluvial soils and entic podzols to determine the intensity of Fe illuvial process. The content of organic carbon and iron in soils was measured. Electromagnetic prospecting was performed using a symmetric four-electrode Schlumberger installation using a set of ASTRA-100 (generator) and MERI-24 (measuring instrument). The magnetic susceptibility of the soil was measured using a portable magnetic susceptibility meter PIMV-M over a uniform grid of 20 cm. The total content of Fe in soils was measured by ICP-MS. It was established that the ice lenses are located at depths of about 4 meters and have a vertical thickness of 10 meters. The presence of two separate ice lenses in the largest of the studied mounds was established. Magnetometry confirmed the high intensity of the Fe illuvial process in lithalsa soils. Ground squirrels inhabiting this area create places for the accumulation of iron compounds.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Budantseva N.A., Chizhova J.N., Vasil'chuk Y. —
The reflection of mound landscapes development phases of Bolshezemelskaya tundra in the peat isotope composition
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2016. – ¹ 1.
– P. 124 - 138.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2016.1.21420 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=21420
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The research subject is the peat permafrost mounds on the northeast of Bolshezemelskaya tundra. The authors study the permafrost mounds at different stages of development – from the adolescent and growing to the mature and broken. The mature permafrost mounds are from 3 to 4,7 m high; some of them have the signs of primary breaking in the form of stains of bare peat or cavities on the surface. The height of adolescent permafrost mounds usually doesn’t exceed 1,5 – 2 m; the broken mounds look like peat mounds, surrounding the lows. The width of peat, superposing the mounds, varies from 0,8 to 1,2 m on mature mounds to 0,3-0,6 m on broken mounds. The authors sample the peat on mounds and lows (at 5-10 cm intervals); establish the radiocarbon age, the composition of carbon and nitrogen and the isotope composition of peat carbon. Radiocarbon dating shows that the studied mounds had formed in the period of Holocene optimum; the highest mounds formed about 7,7 – 4,8 thousand years ago. The authors show that within the limits of the studied mound landscapes in Holocene, the conditions of water intrusion, the composition of vegetative cover and the temperature of vegetation periods continually changed. Peat accumulated in the conditions of high water intrusion; the permafrost condition of peat had determined its low decaying and humification. Both in the period of Holocene optimum and at the present time, permafrost mounds develop cyclically, that is determined by both climate changes (air temperature and the snowiness of winters) and local factors, including the change of masses humidity.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Toropov E.F. —
The Arctic in the context of optimization of development of the Russian Federation
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2016. – ¹ 1.
– P. 68 - 74.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2016.1.20171 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=20171
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Abstract:
This article discusses the exploration of the Arctic in the context of optimization of socioeconomic development of the Russian Federation. These issues are particularly relevant due to the fact that the Arctic increasingly becomes a sphere of interaction and cooperation of different states, as well as the point of exerting of their authority, political-military, and economic power. In the author’s opinion, the Russian Arctic is a region of certain geostrategic interests of the state and long-term economic interests of society, primarily from the perspective of development and rational use of natural resources along with maintenance of the global ecological balance. The formation of a coherent system of incentives for the development of the Arctic zone, requires the formulation and adoption a special law, which is able to set the principles of state policy and mechanisms of its implementation in the Arctic. Its defense is a question of national prestige, honor and dignity of the great power, which Russia still is.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Vasil'chuk A.C., Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
Pollen the age sediments and ice wedges in the Gyda River mouth
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2018. – ¹ 1.
– P. 97 - 121.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2018.1.25949 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=25949
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The outcrop of 7-m terrace in the mouth of Gyda River (70°53ʹ41ʺ N. 78°30ʹ14ʺ E) is the object of the study. There are two generations of ice wedges and four stages of ice lens occurred in peaty sand. Syngenetic ice wedges are in paragenesis with massive ice. Considerable reworking of organic material is proved. Seven cycles of vegetation changes corresponded to local pollen zones. Their duration is about 0.5-2 ka. Sediments accumulated at alternation of subaerial and subaueous stages in 3-13 ka BP.Ice wdges accumulated at the end of the Late Pleistocene in 11-12 ka BP and in the Holocenein 3-4 ka BP. The total annual thawing index variated from 200 to 800 oC x day
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Vasil'chuk A.C., Budantseva N.A., Vasil'chuk Y.K., Vasil'chuk J.Y., Bludushkina L.B. —
Carbon and nitrogen ratio and δ13Ñ values in polygonal landscapes on the coast of the Gulf of Oneman, Chukotka
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2021. – ¹ 1.
– P. 47 - 64.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2021.1.33291 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=33291
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Abstract:
The subject of the study is the analysis of the ratio of carbon (C) and nitrogen(N) and δ13C values in polygonal landscapes on the coast of Onemen Bay, near the Anadyr city. The maximum values of carbon (59.09%) and nitrogen (2.18%) in peatlands were obtained at a depth of 1.1 m in a narrow peat vein. The values of δ13C in the peatlands on the coast of Onemen Bay vary from -24.1% to -28.6%, the N content varies from 0.37% to 3.24%, the C content varies from 3.1% to 59.09%, the C/N value varies from 8.3 to 34.4.The values of δ13C and C/N values in the 1.5-m peat correspond to C3 plants, the values of δ13C and C/N values for a 2.5–m peat suggest the presence of algae along with plants C3. Fluctuations in the nitrogen and organic carbon content in the section of a 1.5-meter peatland to a depth of 0.8 m are synchronous, which suggests an autochthonous mechanism of peat accumulation, below depth of 0.8-1.2 m, there is a lightening of the carbon isotope composition, which suggests the participation of reworked organic matter in the beginning of peat accumulation. Fluctuations in the nitrogen and organic carbon content in the section of a 2.5-meter peat bog are synchronous, which suggests an autochthonous mechanism of peat accumulation.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Goncharov V.V., Kovaleva L.I. —
The Arctic as a zone of clash of geopolitical interests of Russia and Western countries (modern problems and the ways to solve them)
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2016. – ¹ 2.
– P. 146 - 151.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2016.2.20326 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=20326
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Abstract:
The paper studies the Arctic as a zone of clash of geopolitical interests of Russia and Western countries. The authors analyze the main problems of the Arctic development by the Russian Federation and other states. These problems have become topical at the turn of the 21st century, particularly, in the result of the crisis of the global capitalist system, the depletion of hydrocarbon deposits and the shortage of freshwater. The authors offer the ways to solve these problems using the complex measures, programs and decisions of political, legal and economic character. The authors apply the set of scientific research methods, including statistical, formal-logical and historical methods, analysis and prognostication. The authors believe that the comprehensive and timely solution of these problems will help conduct proper and optimal development of raw materials resources of the Arctic waters by the Russian Federation, thus promoting the development of, on the one hand, its economic and financial spheres, and on the other hand, its defense and energy independence.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Vasil'chuk A.C. —
Pollen spectra of Holocene ice wedges in the Belyi Island and in the Tambey River valley, Yamal Peninsula
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2017. – ¹ 2.
– P. 1 - 24.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2017.2.22777 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=22777
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Abstract:
Holocene ice wedge structures in the arctic tundra in the Tambey river valley and in the Belyi Island are the subject of the study. The author studies the pollen spectra in the ice wedges and surrounding sediments and their chemical composition. To substantiate paleograhic reconstructions, the author analyzes radiocarbon datings of the Holocene sediments from the studied areas and the surrounding territories. Pollen analysis is the main research method. Adjacent sediment samples have been studied according to the standard procedure, but without acetolysis mixture. Pollen has been extracted using the simplified method due to low pollen concentration. The main result of the study is the systemization of the data of palynological analysis of Holocene ice wedges located in the zone of sea-level changes' imact. The author shows that ice wedges in the Tambey River valley had been accumulated from precipitations and because of the inundation by marine water. Ice wedges in the first marine terrace of the Belyi Island are characterized by the abnormally high concentration of marine salt, but the salinization is caused by ice wedge formation on the sides of remnant shallow saline lakes, not by sea-level changes.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Aleksyutina D.M., Maznev S.V., Belova N.G., Shilova O.S. —
The influence of the permafrost processes upon erosion at the Ural coast of Baydaratskaya Bay, Kara Sea
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2019. – ¹ 4.
– P. 84 - 96.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2019.4.31604 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=31604
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Abstract:
The study of coastal dynamics and associated permafrost processes is a relevant issue in connection with the active development at the Russian Arctic coast. In addition to wave and ice effects on the coastal dynamic, the shores composed of permafrost unlithified sediments, permafrost (cryogenic) processes have a significant effect: thermoabrasion, thermodenudation, thermokarst, and linear thermoerosion. The purpose of this study is to quantify the impact of various cryogenic processes upon the coastline retreat rate on a key site at the Ural coast of the Baydaratskaya Bay, Kara Sea. Coastal retreat rates were estimated based on the interpretation of satellite images (QuickBird-2 2005, WorldView-1 2012, WorldView-2 2013, WorldView-2 2016) and field leveling surveys in 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2017 for zones with prevailing exogenous processes. As a result, coastline rates were obtained under the influence of various cryogenic processes. The revealed differences showed a significant contribution of these processes to the coastal dynamics, along with the geological and geomorphological structure and different time-periods. The performed quantitative estimation will allow conducting more substantiated modeling and forecasting for the development of certain sections of the Russian Arctic coast.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Kaverin D.A., Sudakova M.S., Khomutov A.V., Khairullin R.R., Fakashchuk N.Y., Pastukhov A.V. —
Application of georadiolocation to assess the influence of the highway on the depth of permafrost in polygonal swamps of the North of Western Siberia
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2022. – ¹ 2.
– P. 1 - 12.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2022.2.37964 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=37964
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The results of the application of geo-radar profiling for the study of soils and underlying rocks of polygonal bogs of the Pur-Taz interfluve (North of Western Siberia), functioning in natural and anthropogenic disturbed conditions, are presented. The research area belongs to the southern tundra with a predominantly continuous distribution of permafrost rocks. The construction of highways in the North of Russia is one of the main factors of anthropogenic impact on the tundra geosystems of the cryolithozone, affecting the temperature regimes of soils and the depth of permafrost. The features of spatial differentiation of the depth of occurrence of permafrost rocks on the site of polygonal swamps intersected by a federal highway were determined by the methods of geo-radar profiling. Georadiolactic profiling made it possible to determine the configuration of the depth of the permafrost roof both in natural and anthropogenic disturbed areas of polygonal swamps. The maximum lowering of the permafrost roof is determined at the base of the road embankment and does not exceed a depth of three meters. Despite the deep occurrence of the MMP roof under the road embankment, the thickness of the thawed buried peat horizons here is similar to that of the seasonally shallow layer of undisturbed peat polygons. The features of spatial differentiation of the depth of the permafrost roof in the polygonal swamps intersected by the bulk highway in the North of Western Siberia are similar to those characteristic of regions with a continuous low-temperature cryolithozone. The method of manual probing of the permafrost roof was used to verify the results of geo-radar profiling within undisturbed areas.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Vasil'chuk A.C., Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
Possibility using carbon-to-nitrogen ratio as a criterion for palsa and lithalsa distinguishing
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2023. – ¹ 3.
– P. 52 - 72.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2023.3.44176 EDN: VKRSQW URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=44176
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The palsa and lithalsa are reliable indicators of the presence of permafrost, especially on the its southern border. The subject of the study is the consideration of the C/N ratio in the peat of the palsa and the litter and humus horizon of the lithalsa as a criterion for the separation of the palsa and lithalsa. The palsa near the Yeletskaya village in the Bolshezemelskaya tundra and the lithalsa in the Southern Transbaikalia near the Preobrazhenka village and in the valley of the Sentsa in the Eastern Sayan are considered. The history of the study of lithalsa and palsa in Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century is considered also. It was found that the nitrogen content in the surface layers of the lithalsa (0.45-1.73% in the valley of the Sentsa River and 0.47-2.01% near the Arachley Lake) is approximately in the same range as in the surface horizons of the palsa, regardless of the permafrost region. The results of the carbon and nitrogen content determining, as well as their ratios in the peat cover of the palsa are summarized. In contrast to lithalsa, the carbon content in the peat horizons of the palsa and flat-hummock peatlands is many times higher than the values obtained for both surface and buried organic horizons of the lithalsa. The value of C/N less than 13 has not been recorded for the peat cover of palsa, this indicator for lithalsa never exceeds 10-12.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Sal'va A.M. —
Engineering and geological features of the soil section of the main water pipeline route in Central Yakutia
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2020. – ¹ 1.
– P. 119 - 131.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2020.1.32055 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=32055
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Abstract:
The object of this study is the permafrost soils of the section of the route of the main water pipeline «Tabaga-Byuteidyakh» in rural areas of Central Yakutia, spanning approximately 28 kilometers. Permafrost soils are widely developed in the Southeastern part of Central Yakutia, and are located on the Leno-Amginsky interfluve. They lie in the upper part of the geological section and are underlying on the lane of the main water pipeline route, as well as fall into the foundations of engineering structures of industrial facilities and hydraulic engineering construction. The study is based on a complex of field engineering and geological surveys, as well as laboratory studies of the physical and mechanical properties of rocks. The article discusses the features of the composition, structure and properties of rocks in this area. It is noted that among the considered soils, there is a variety of granulometric types, cryogenic texture from massive to layered, with clay soils usually of higher ice content than sandy ones. Technogenic loads are also mentioned in the form of objects of the main water supply system, consisting of pumping stations, pipelines, reservoirs and channels, which lead to significant changes in the geocryological environment and surrounding landscapes.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Sidnyaev N.I., Vasiliev V.I., Ilina Y.S. —
Calculation methods of non-stationary temperature fields influence on foundation in cryolithozone
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2020. – ¹ 2.
– P. 106 - 125.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2020.2.32405 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=32405
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Abstract:
This article is devoted to the mathematical modeling and computing experiment in problems of temperature fields forecast in continuous foundations in cryolithozone, which will provide a qualitative approach to non-stationary thermal calculations for making design decisions to ensure the stability and reliability of bases and foundations of buildings in the Arctic zone. The article formulates the problem of forecasting by determining changes in the temperature, areal distribution, thickness, and vertical structure of permafrost, seasonal and perennial freezing of the soil, their temperature strength state, and properties in connection with the construction of buildings. Presented mathematical calculations are based mainly on the assumption of a non-stationary process of heat exchange. Mathematical models for determining depth of thawing are considered. The problem of determining the temperature in the basement of the foundation, limited on the one side, in which the temperature depends on only one coordinate with the condition that the surface temperature of the permafrost soil undergoes periodic fluctuations around zero value under the influence of external influences, has been solved. It is demonstrated that the two-dimensional problem of permafrost ground with a semi-infinite foundation thickness can be generalized even more. The problem is formulated in the form of a differential equation of heat balance taking into account the heat flux, which varies according to the Fourier’s law.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Efimov V.M., Stepanov A.V., Tappyrova N.I., Kravtsova O.N., Stepanov A.A. —
Impact of the freeze-thaw cycles upon the heat and mass transfer properties of the technogenic cryogenic soil of the northeastern regions of the cryolithozone
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2017. – ¹ 4.
– P. 73 - 79.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2017.4.25027 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=25027
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Abstract:
This article concentrates on the experimental research of the heat and mass transfer properties of the technogenic soil of Yakutia that are subject to freeze-thaw cycles. Definition is given to the technogenic soils according to the GOST 25100-95. The work cites the established fact of significant difference in the coefficient of filtration of naturally located soils of seasonal layer of thaw from indexes acquired in controlled conditions. It is substantiated that there is a need to research the heat and mass transfer properties of the technogenic soils with consideration of the cyclic impact of the low temperatures and changes in the cryogenic structure for a more complete correspondence with the northern conditions. The authors analyze the acquired data, approximate the experimental data via the methods of statistical processing and compare it with the data from other sources. The conducted research allowed determining the dependence of the thermophysical properties of the technogenic soils upon their moisture, temperature and loam content.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Khimenkov A.N., Stanilovskaya J.V., Sergeev D.O., Vlasov A.N., Volkov-Bogorodskii D.B., Merzlyakov V.P., Tipenko G.S. —
The development of explosive process in cryolithic zone due to formation of Yamal Crater
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2017. – ¹ 4.
– P. 13 - 37.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2017.4.25094 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=25094
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the natural explosive processes into cryolithic zones. The object of this research is the Yamal Crater. The authors meticulously examine the groups of the natural explosive processes in the territory of distribution of permafrost. A new approach towards the theory of the crater of gaseous discharge is proposed. It is based on the migration mechanism of gas fluids from the zones of gas hydrates disassociation into the overlying thickness of permafrost. The dissociation zone forms in segments of the local heatup through the heat input from the top. The authors demonstrate the gradualism of processes of preparing the explosive process that formed the Yamal Crater, as well as calculate the pressure of ejection of the frozen layer in emergence of the Yamal Crater. The work provides characteristic to the four phases of preparation of the natural explosive processes, considers various scenarios of such in cryolithic zone, as well as creation of the model of the heat and mass transfer processes alongside tense and distorted situation in permafrost that contain gas hydrated in terms of temperature variation and pressure. The following conclusions were made: the explosions of hydrolaccoliths and emergence of the craters of gaseous discharge belong to the same group of processes – physical explosions of natural origin; preparation of explosive processes in permafrost passes through several stages; in preparing explosions of natural origin in permafrost, a significant role is played by the migration of gas fluids.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Vasil'chuk Y.K., Budantseva N.A., Vasil'chuk J.Y., Vasil'chuk A.C., Garankina E.V., Chizhova J.N., Shorkunov I.G. —
Isotope-geochemical composition of massive ice beddings on the interfluve of the rivers Mordyakha and Seyakha (Mutnaya), Central Yamal Peninsula
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2018. – ¹ 1.
– P. 50 - 75.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2018.1.25833 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=25833
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Abstract:
The objects of this research is the massive ice beddings in the valley Mordyakha River valley, as well as the terrace of Seyakha River (Mutnaya) in the central part of Yamal Peninsula. First of the studied ice bedding outcrops is located the center of Yamal Peninsula, in the upper reaches of Mordyakha (68°11ʹ18ʺN, 68°51ʹ39ʺE), at absolute elevation of 66-70 m; the second one (70°23.4 N, 68°19.4 E) is located 0.6 km towards southwest of the field base GP-1 Bovanenkovo deposit and 5 km towards northwest of Bovanenkovo settlement, at absolute elevation of 87 m. The authors meticulously examine the structure of bedded deposits and peculiarities of their contacts with the enclosing rocks. The article studies the concentration of stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in ice, composition of the main anions and cations, as well spore-pollen remains within ice. The following conclusions were made: a) the studied bedded deposits are classifies as intra-ground type; b) one of the main water source that formed massive ice were lake waters and talik water ; c) in the process of ice formation took place a significant isotope fractionation, which led to the formation of layers with isotope composition heavier than the original lake waters.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Surkova G.V., Krylov A.A. —
Changes in the average and extreme wind speeds in the Arctic during the late XXI century
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2018. – ¹ 3.
– P. 26 - 36.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2018.3.27395 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=27395
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the current state of wind regime in the Arctic and variability in response to the global warming. The performed analysis concerns both, the average value of wind speed and the extremely high that exceed the specified threshold value in the present-day conditions and in the late XXI century. The authors examines the spatiotemporal variability of the value of wind speed of different frequency in the Arctic territory for the climate system models that participated in the World Climate Research Program CMIP5. Particular attention is given to the regional peculiarities of climate forecast of wind speed over the seas of the Russian Arctic. The results are obtained from the data of reanalysis ERA-Interim and climate system models of the CMIP5 project for the current (Historical experiment) and forecast (experiment RCP8.5) climate. The main result of this research became the quantitative estimates of climatic forecast of the average and extreme wind speed in the Arctic by 2100 in terms of implementation of RCP8.5 scenario, which implies the most rapid rise of temperature throughout the XXI century. It is acknowledged that with the ongoing warming over the major part of the Arctic, the growth trend of not only the average, but also the extreme values of wind speed is typical for most models of the CMIP5 project. The decrease is noted over the greater part of the north of Eurasia, Greenland, the North Atlantic, the Norwegian Sea, while the rest of the Arctic is experiencing an increase in average and extreme wind speeds. The drop in temperature is recorded over the most of Eurasia, Greenland, North Atlantic and Norwegian Sea, while over the rest of the Arctic shows the increase in average and extreme wind speeds.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
The Main Elements of the Field Ice-wedge Sampling Strategies for Isotope and Radiocarbon Analysis
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2022. – ¹ 3.
– P. 35 - 53.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2022.3.38895 EDN: JIITKC URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=38895
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Abstract:
The main purpose of the paper is to create an optimal strategy for field testing of wedge ice for isotope and radiocarbon analyses. The scientific significance of this task is the need for a detailed isotopic characterization of well-dated sections with ice wedges. The solution of this problem will allow us to obtain a complete isotopic and paleotemperature scenario for the Holocene and the late Pleistocene in the north of Western Siberia, northern and central Yakutia, Chukotka, and the Arctic islands. Reliable ranges of isotopic composition values will be obtained as a result of the application of an improved method of wedge ice sampling. It will give a complete picture of isotopic variations in ice wedges during a certain period of its formation in combination with the age setting of the obtained isotope data. The main provisions of the optimal strategy for field testing of wedge ice for isotope and radiocarbon analyses are formulated. The innovativeness of the proposed technique consists in comparing of oxygen isotope and deuterium curves obtained from two parallel and quasi-synchronous ice wedges exposed by a single outcrop in the yedoma and Holocene deposits. Previously, it was believed that the sampling from different ice wedges in the single outcrop would give the same results. The preliminary studies carried out by the author show that this is not always the case. At the same depths, both identical and noticeably different isotopic determinations were obtained from samples from neighboring ice wedges. Predominantly horizontal sampling from ice wedges in yedoma deposits should still be referred to as an insufficiently developed procedure, it should be supplemented by vertical sampling from ice wedges. It is possible to develop criteria for excluding older 14Ñ dates due to admixture of allochthonous organic material as inversions with vertical sampling only. This is impossible using horizontal sampling.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
Paragenetic ensembles of ice wedges with ice of different origin
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2018. – ¹ 2.
– P. 71 - 112.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2018.2.26673 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=26673
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Abstract:
The study of the combinations of various types of ground and surface ice as paragenetic complexes are of particular interest, in order to understand the conditions of the ice formation. The following ice ensembles are examined: a) paragenetic combinations of ice wedge, ice with segregated and injection (intrusive) segregated ice in palsa and pingo cores, b) paragenetic combinations of ice wedge with massive ice, c) paragenetic combinations of ice wedge with ground icing (aufeis) and d) paragenetic combinations of ice wedge with glaciers and even icebergs ice. Among the main conclusions of the conducted research are the following claims: 1) Ice wedges form paragenetic combination with many types of underground and aboveground ice; 2) paragenesis of the wedges with anchor ice can be found in both, palsas and pingos.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Vasil'chuk Y.K., Ginzburg A.P., Budantseva N.A., Vasil'chuk J.Y. —
Cryogenic Soils on the Khanovey Educational Field Training Site, Vorkuta District, Komi Republic
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2022. – ¹ 3.
– P. 92 - 128.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2022.3.39001 EDN: GJEIUY URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=39001
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Abstract:
The subject of the study are soils on the territory of the Khanovey educational field training site in the Vorkuta district of Komi Republic. Morphological descriptions of soil profiles and diagnostics and classification of soils in the modern Russian system were carried out. Laboratory analysis was carried out to determine soil properties: moisture content, acidity and total content of soluble salines. The study area is located in the southeastern part of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra, it is represented by inclined surface of the right side of the valley of the Vorkuta River valley, composed of alluvial and ancient alluvial sands, overlain by loamy and sandy-loam deposits. Holocene peatlands up to 4–5 m thick are the youngest deposits within the studied territory. Small and large dwarf birch tundras with shrub-green moss and grass-shrub-sphagnum cover are common here. The studied soils belong to the division of organogenic, postlitogenic and synlitogenic soil formation. The first includes oligotrophic peaty soils within a thick peatland (Histosols), the second includes cryogenic and cryometamorphic soils (Cryosols), as well as peaty gleyzems (Histic Cryosols). The third includes alluvial humic soils (Fluvisols). The moisture content of soils varies widely from 2 to 900 %. Soils acidity is from acidic to neutral (pH 4.5 to 7.5). The content of soluble salts in soils varies from about 0 to 300 mg/l.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Maslakov A. —
The results of active layer studies near Lorino settlement, Eastern Chukotka
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2017. – ¹ 1.
– P. 127 - 139.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2017.1.22482 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=22482
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The paper contains the results of active layer studies in Lorino monitoring site (Eastern Chukotka, Russia), conducted in framework of the Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) program during 2010-2015. The study site includes tundra landscapes of Eastern Chukotka coastal lowlands. The main purpose of the paper is to obtain spatial and temporal patterns of seasonal melting distribution and reveal the main natural factors defining active layer depth within study site. The author demonstrates the predominance of thermal forcing in active layer development, which was strongly complicated by local (microrelief, vegetation, soil moisture, etc.) conditions. These factors determined high spatial and temporal variability of active layer thickness within single grid (100×100 m). The study also reveals the lack of statistical data on natural characteristics and the need for further detailed studies of seasonal melting process.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Efimov V.M., Kravtsova O.N., Stepanov A.V., Timofeev A.V., Vasil'chuk Y.K., Tappyrova N.I. —
Research on the impact of the surface active agents upon the strength of the frozen soil of the cryolithozone of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2017. – ¹ 4.
– P. 80 - 85.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2017.4.25035 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=25035
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This article focuses on the experimental research of the impact of additives of surface active agents upon the strength of the frozen dispersed soils. The work touches on the problem of finding new theoretical approaches towards mechanical properties of dispersed soils accounting for presence of free surface energy and impact of the physical chemistry factors upon the behavior and properties of the soils. Substantiation is made on the physical chemistry approach as the most promising one in this area. Pyotr Rebinder’s mechanism for strengthening thawed soils through the effects of the surface active agents is presented in this research. Experimental research was conducted on the strength characteristics of the frozen dispersed soils with use of surfactants and without additives. The conducted research yielded experimental curve relationship of the maximal strength from time for frozen sand and loam with surfactants and without.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Maleev D., Kvashuk S.V. —
The study of anomalous section permafrost retreat at the soil baseline
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2019. – ¹ 1.
– P. 75 - 80.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2019.1.29380 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=29380
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The object of this research is the exploration of anomalous sections of permafrost retreat at the soil baseline. In such cases, the apex of soil frost attains a complicated shape, forming the steep edges and mirrors of subpermafrost water. The authors propose a new method of seismic survey (0.5-1.0 kHz). The suggested seismic method modification is based on the joint application of the refracted and reflected waves in accordance with time curves of first onsets in their complicated shape, considering the below-cutoff angles of retraction within the depression. The time curves of the retracted waves were solved using the complex numbers; while their geometry remained traditional – the null time method for determining the depth of refracting boundary and differential time curves for calculating velocities in the apex of depression. The modified seismic survey for studying the anomalous sections of permafrost retreat under the earth structures in cold regions was obtained and tested in the course of the research. It allows mapping out the local depressions with steep edges under embankments, occurred due to violation of the production sequence of transportation systems or normal exploitation of the structures built in such conditions. The surface seismic surveying using the method of retracted waves, and particularly, conducted via the null and differential time curve have a potential for modification depending of the current objectives. In the conditions of below-cutoff angles of waves retraction, the tasks on determining the subsurface depressions are solved mathematically, with application of complex numbers; at the same time, the basic conditions for the method of retracted waves, such as coordination of time curves in mutual duration and the precision of determination of the average velocities remain unchanged.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Khimenkov A.N., Koshurnikov A.V., Sobolev P.A. —
Laboratory modeling of gas filtration in permafrost
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2019. – ¹ 4.
– P. 52 - 73.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2019.4.30997 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=30997
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The subject of this research is gas filtration in frozen rocks. For the first time, in laboratory conditions, it was possible to identify the processes that accompany gas filtration in frozen ground. Particular attention is paid to the study of deformations of primary cryogenic textures during filtration of gas under pressure. The features of the propagation of gas fluids in a frozen sample are analyzed. A comparative analysis of the cryogenic structure of frozen samples with and without gas supply has been carried out. The mechanism of pressure filtration of gas in frozen rocks is formulated. When studying frozen ground samples subjected to pressure gas, we used the methods of texture and structural studies in transmitted, reflected and polarized light. To identify changes occurring in frozen samples under pressure from gas, a comparative analysis method was used. At the same pressure, at low temperatures of the samples, filtration does not occur. Filtering begins when the temperature rises to -1 - -2 ºÑ. In nature, these relationships are determined by geological, landscape, and climatic conditions. For the first time, in laboratory conditions, with the help of structural studies, it was possible to identify the processes accompanying gas filtration in ice.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Bogdanov A.I., Kvashuk S.V. —
Analysis of the operation of the railway track in conditions of low-draining mares and high-temperature permafrost (on the example of the area of the Bureysky reservoir bypass).
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2022. – ¹ 1.
– P. 95 - 108.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2022.1.37649 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=37649
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The subject of research is the earthwork of the railway track and artificial structures on hazy weak-draining areas in the areas of permafrost distribution on the bypass of the Bureyskaya HPP reservoir within the Verkhnebureinskaya depression. The purpose is to identify the conditions and causes of adverse processes and phenomena that have arisen during operation. The objectives of the research are to identify the main causes and conditions for the manifestation of unfavorable geocryological processes and phenomena – waterlogging, flooding, stagnation of water, degradation of permafrost, sediment of the roadbed.
Design errors are analyzed and recommendations are given for the application of design solutions in accordance with the state and dynamics of geocryological conditions and the requirements of the current regulatory documents for the areas of distribution of low-level marys and high-temperature permafrost. For the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the conditions and causes causing adverse processes and phenomena was carried out for the described territory. Inefficient constructions and design solutions have been identified. Optimal design solutions and measures are recommended to ensure the stable and safe operation of transport facilities in the region in conditions of low-drainpipe and high-temperature permafrost.
For the studied area, the characteristic features are the significant swampiness of the territory, and the wide distribution of low– and high-temperature permafrost soils of the merging type.
There are cases of irrational and inefficient design. It is not uncommon to use unsuitable soils for filling the roadbed and its elements. Also, the excess of the volume of earthworks during construction. Under these conditions, it is recommended: When designing a railway track plan, trace the line through local elevated terrain areas, in order to ensure the necessary slope of the design profile of drainage ditches of at least 4 ppm. Drainage ditches along the path should be located at a distance that excludes the inflow of water into the base of the roadbed.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Vasil'chuk Y.K., Ginzburg A.P. —
Lateral and radial differentiation of cryogenic soils geochemical composition in the Khanovei scientific and educational field site, Bolshezemel'skaya tundra
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2023. – ¹ 1.
– P. 88 - 115.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2023.1.40136 EDN: RDPROK URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=40136
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Abstract:
The subject of the study was the soil and geochemical features of southern tundra cryogenic landscapes on the Khanovei educational and scientific field site located nearby the eponymous settlement in the Vorkuta district, Komi Republic. Morphology of soil profiles were described according to the modern Russian soil classification system. Chemical analytical sample treatment was done to evaluate such physical and chemical parameters of soil horizons as the pH rate, water-soluble salts content, organic carbon content, soil texture, iron fractional composition. The main point among soil and geochemical features of the Khanovei field site was gross chemical composition of cryogenic soils. Gross concentrations of chemicals were measured with the X-ray fluorescence method by portable X-ray Fluorescence Analyzer and then geochemical ratios of radial (profile) and lateral (catenar) differentiation of chemical elements – R and L. Largest R ratio meanings in soil profiles were in gleyic horizons including above-permafrost. Peat horizons without traces of soil mineral fraction were depleted with the most of elements (R = 0,1–0,3) and mineral horizons of soils were differed by increased RFe, RMn etc. The lower part of the catena with soils of mostly sandy texture was depleted by the main part of elements (Ti, Zn, Zr etc.) and predominantly loamy-textured soils in the upper part accumulate these elements and form increased L ratio meanings.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Budantseva N.A., Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
Geochemical composition of Holocene ice wedge casts of the Southern and Central Yamal Peninsula
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2017. – ¹ 1.
– P. 1 - 22.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2017.1.22485 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=22485
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The authors study the Holocene syngenetic ice wedge casts of five regions of the Yamal Peninsula: within the thick peat bogs in the Shchuchya River valley and near the Seyakha settlement, in the floodplain of the Erkutayakha and Lakkatoso Rivers and within floodplain sediments of the Ob Bay in vicinity of the Mys Kamenny settlement in eastern coast of Yamal Peninsula. The width of the top of ice wedges in peatlands varies from 0.5 to 1.6 m, their height is from 2 to 5 m, the width of the ice wedges in the floodplain and marsh and swamp also varies from 0.5 to 1.8 m, the visible height is not more than 2 meters. Samples of ice were taken from ice wedges vertically and horizontally. To study the genesis of the water that participated in the formation of Holocene ice wedge casts and ice lenses from the enclosing sediments, the author analyze the content of trace elements and heavy metals. The analysis of trace elements and heavy metals is based on atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS-3) at the V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute. The mineralization and chemical composition of water-soluble salts in segregated and ice wedges are determined in the same place. The radiocarbon dating of the surrounding sediments aging of the ice wedges is carried out at the Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Holocene ice wedges are ultra-fresh and fresh, their mineralization varies from 20 to 200 mg / l, hydrocarbonates and calcium dominate in the ion composition. Participation of chlorides in the ice wedges on terraces indicates the influence of marine aerosols, the same for the ice wedges on the floodplain means the direct participation water of Ob Bay in their formation. The increasing of iron ions in some fragments of ice wedges, comparable to their content in segregated ice in the peat bog, may indicate a periodic participation of swamp waters in the formation of ice wedges.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Galkin A. —
Equivalent thermal resistance of the road surface
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2022. – ¹ 3.
– P. 129 - 138.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2022.3.38777 EDN: HNHLEU URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=38777
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The design and construction of highways in the cryolithozone is associated with a number of difficulties, which are determined not only by geocryological and climatic operating conditions, but also by the complexity of the actual forecast of the thermal regime of road coverings and foundations. Many thermal calculations to substantiate technical solutions for the protection of highways in the cryolithozone from negative cryogenic phenomena are based on the determination and selection of a given thermal resistance of the structural layers of the pavement. The purpose of these studies was to assess the feasibility of using equivalent thermal resistance in modeling thermal processes and to determine the error in calculations that we make by replacing the layered pavement structure with an equivalent one. Simple engineering dependences are obtained that allow us to determine the error in calculations when using equivalent thermal resistance. The calculation of the thermal resistance of the three-layer construction of the pavement is made. It is established that for a three-layer pavement structure, the error value in the calculation of thermal resistance is directly related to the degree of deviation of the values of the thermal conductivity coefficient of the materials of individual layers from each other. Moreover, the parameters of the inequality of thermal conductivity coefficients for individual structural layers when determining the minimum calculation error are functionally related to each other. The results of variant numerical calculations are presented in the form of 3D and 2D graphs, which allow us to visually assess the influence of the studied parameters on the relative error of calculating the thermal resistance of the pavement.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Chekmareva D.P., Lobchenko E.E., Romanyuk O.L., Pervysheva O.A., Fedotova O.L. —
Assessment of the impact of the formation of water resources and the quality of surface waters of the Lena River basin
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2023. – ¹ 2.
– P. 88 - 101.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2023.2.40906 EDN: HGACAL URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=40906
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Ongoing active development of natural resources, changing climatic conditions (including permafrost melting) In Eastern Siberia, it is necessary to control changes in the ecological state of the environment, one of which is surface water. The Roshydromet system has established and successfully operates a network of regime observations of the state and pollution of surface waters of the Russian Federation, ensuring the unity of measurement of the content of major pollutants in water according to uniform methods certified in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents of the Russian Federation and international standards. In this paper, the formation of the quality of the surface waters of the Lena River basin under conditions of non–stationary climatic processes on the one hand and the anthropogenic component on the other is considered. Based on the analysis of statistically processed long–term data (2011-2021) obtained by the state monitoring network of Roshydromet, an assessment of the water quality of the Lena River and its major tributaries - the Vitim, Olekma, Aldan, Vilyu rivers is given. The spatio-temporal distribution of characteristic pollutants in the water of the rivers of the basin has been studied: organic substances (according to BPK5 and COD), phenols, petroleum products, iron, copper and zinc compounds. It was found that in the conditions of the Arctic climate, the seasonal distribution of organic substances in surface waters was insignificant. The presence of heavy metal compounds in the water of the Lena River basin water bodies is mainly due to anthropogenic sources of pollution. In the long-term plan, the water of the rivers of the Lena River basin was assessed as the 3rd satisfactory quality class.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
Cyclocryostratigraphy of yedoma. Part 1.
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2017. – ¹ 1.
– P. 62 - 83.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2017.1.21546 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=21546
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The author formulates a new line of research of permafrost and, in particular, homogeneous yedoma, - cyclocryostratigraphy. Cyclo-cryostratigraphy studies the rotation of different vertical frozen soil units of permafrost sediments in yedoma sections. The study demonstrates the cyclicity in the flysch formations in pre-Quaternary and Quaternary sediments on the Black Sea coast, near the Novomikhailovskoye settlement., in the Berriasian-Valanginian exposure near the village of Konakhkend, Azerbaijan, in the Eocene sediments of the Navagir range, the northwestern spurs of the Caucasus, the Abrau peninsula, in interstratifying sands and sandy loams in the Nagym section in the mouth of the Olenyok channel. The cyclicity in the vertical arrangement of pseudomorphs and subterranean veins outside the permafrost zone has been investigated. The main research methods are lithological, cryostratigraphical, radiocarbon, isotope, geochemical. The author detects cyclicity during the field research, and verifies its parameters with analytical determinations. The main results of the study include the successive transition from flysch cycles to the cyclicity of clays and cyclostratigraphic features of paleo-sections with pseudomorphs and ground vein. The author analyzes mesocyclic bedding of ground veins and pseudomorphs in the sections of Western Europe: Aschersleben in Germany, Kesselt, Remicourt and Harmignies in Belgium. The author analyzes stratification of pseudomorphs in the Late Pleistocene stratum in the Grove section in the north of the Netherlands. In the north of Italy, in the valley of the Po river, a multi-tier complex of pseudomorphs in loess strata is considered. A scheme for stratification of pseudomorphs in the Kotkino area on the left bank of the Soyma River, the tributary of the Pechora River, is considered.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Vasil'chuk Y.K., Ginzburg A.P. —
Radial differentiation of chemical composition of cryogenic soils in the Chara river valley, north of Transbaikalia
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2023. – ¹ 2.
– P. 115 - 128.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2023.2.40965 EDN: HGVJAS URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=40965
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The subject of the study is the content of iron compounds and their radial differentiation in the profiles of cryogenic soils of the Chara River valley (Transbaikalia). The studied soils belong to post-pyrogenic permafrost gleyzems, the depths of the seasonal active‐layer of these soils are from 34 to 44 cm. Macronutrient concentrations, with the exception of Si, rarely exceed 5.0%, while the silicon content reaches 24.3%. Si is also characterized by removal from the upper part of soil profiles and accumulation in permafrost soil horizons. The highest concentrations are characteristic in the O horizons (Mg – 4.8 and Ca – 1.5 mg/kg) for a significant part of the macroelements. The trace elements, Sr and Zr are distributed vary contrastingly (from 5.0 to 29.7 and from 5.6 to 47.1 mg/kg). Values of the R coefficient from 0.3 to 0.9 indicate the initial stage of post-pyrogenic restoration of soil properties, and the active accumulation of Mg, Ca, Ti, Fe, Sr, and other elements in the upper part of oxidized-gley permafrost gleyzem observed in the profile is a sign of active restoration. The soils contain about 3.4% iron, which more than 60–75% is the silicate group of compounds (Feñ). The moisture content of soils and the prevailing reducing environmental conditions contribute to the formation of monotonous distributions in their profiles, and in soils without signs of stable hydromorphism, permafrost horizons contain almost 2 times more Feox and Feextr.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Budantseva N.A., Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
Salinity of Holocene sediments and massive ice-wedges in lower reaches of the Mongatalyangjyakha River of Yavay Peninsula
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2018. – ¹ 3.
– P. 66 - 83.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2018.3.27776 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=27776
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The object of this research is the massive ice-wedges and the enclosing Holocene sediments of the alluvial plain and a laida in the northwest of Gydan Peninsula in llower reaches of the Mongatalyangjyakha River. The authors analyze the distribution of chemical composition of sediments in depth, comparing with the structure of sediments. In examining the chemical composition of ice, particular attention is given to the determination of differentiation of mineralization and ionic composition within the range of a single wedge. For conducting the analysis of chemical composition, the authors picked out the pure ice from pits and exposures; the samples were additionally cleaned from the excessive mineral impurities. Some of the samples were filtered immediately after thawing. The parallel chemical analysis of water with sediment and filtered water demonstrated very similar results. The scientific novelty lies in determination of differentiation of ice wedged into the zones of uneven mineralization, which form as a result of shift in facial and hydrochemical situation during the growth of ice wedges. The main conclusions consists in the establishment of influence of the lagoon-marine water of Gydan Bay in lower reaches of Mongatalyangjyakha River, which manifested in the prevailing chlorine-sodium salinity of sediments, as well as in the development of differentiated by mineralization massive ice wedges, which were formed as the fresh thawed snow waters and river waters (on the alluvial plain) and the lagoon-marine water (on the laida).
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Galkin A. —
Calculation of the Fourier criterion in predicting the thermal regime of thawed and frozen dispersed rocks
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2022. – ¹ 3.
– P. 1 - 10.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2022.3.38555 EDN: JHLNJJ URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=38555
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Abstract:
The purpose of this work was to determine the range of changes in the Fourier criterion (number) when predicting the thermal regime of dispersed rocks in thawed and frozen state. And, also an assessment of the possibility of averaging the thermophysical characteristics of rocks to obtain universal values of Fourier numbers. To achieve this goal, an assessment of the influence of the thermophysical properties of dispersed rocks on the range of changes in the values of the Fourier number used in thermal calculations of technical objects of the cryolithozone is made. The calculation formulas took into account the functional dependence of the coefficient of thermal conductivity, density and specific heat capacity of rocks on humidity (iciness) in the thawed and frozen state. As an example, a mixture of quartz sandstone with water in a thawed and frozen state is considered when the ice content changes from zero (dry quartz sandstone) to full moisture saturation. It is established that the range and nature of the change in Fourier numbers for thawed and frozen dispersed rocks, depending on their humidity (iciness), differs significantly, not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively: for thawed dispersed rocks, the Fourier number decreases with increasing humidity, and for frozen rocks increases. The possibility of averaging the thermophysical characteristics of rocks to obtain universal values of Fourier numbers has been evaluated. It is shown that the use of universal Fourier numbers leads to a significant error for both thawed and frozen rocks and their use in thermal calculations with annual temperature fluctuations is impractical.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
Yedoma. Part 2. Annals of geocryological research, especially radiocarbon dating and the stable-isotopes studies in the first decade of the XXI century
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2023. – ¹ 2.
– P. 34 - 87.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2023.2.40971 EDN: HFYHKS URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=40971
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Abstract:
The first decade of the 21st century in the study of yedoma marked by the widespread use of AMS radiocarbon dating on microinclusions extracted directly from the ice wedge. These studies, together with a detailed study of stable isotope composition, were carried out at Lomonosov Moscow State University (Yu. Vasil'chuk and A. Vasil'chuk) on yedoma sections of Western Siberia, the lower Kolyma, Central Yakutia, together with specialists in the radiocarbon dating: J. van der Plicht, J.-Ch. Kim, H. Jungner, L.Sulerzhitsky. Isotope study of Yedoma sections on the right bank of the Yenisei Bay was begun (A.Vasiliev, E.Gusev, I.Streletskaya and others). During this period, active isotope and radiocarbon studies of yedoma began by the participants of the Russian-German expedition (A.Andreev, A.Chizhov, A. Derevyagin, G.Grosse, H.-W.Hubberten, L. Schirrmeister, S. Wetterich etc.) in the Anzhu Islands, the Lena Delta, and Arctic coast of Western Yakutia. In Chukotka, yedoma was studied by researches of the Anadyr station (A.Kotov). Researchers from the University of Fairbanks (M.Kanevsky, Yu.Shur, H.French, M. Bray and others) continued to study the Fox Tunnel as well as northern Alaska yedoma. Radiocarbon dating, the study of mammoth fauna, and stable isotopes were started by Canadian scientists (C. Burn, D.Froese, G. Zazula and others) on the Yukon yedoma. The study of Paleolithic sites in the yedoma sections were started of the Yana River and the New Siberian Islands (V. Pitulko, E. Pavlova etc.)
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Vasil'chuk Y.K., Budantseva N.A. —
Stable oxygen isotopes in the new exposures of Yedoma and Holocene sediments nearby Chersky settlement of the lower reach of Kolyma River
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2018. – ¹ 3.
– P. 95 - 106.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2018.3.27600 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=27600
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the Late Pleistocene and Holocene massive ice wedges discovered in the exposures of Yedoma formation nearby Chersky settlement and a small Holocene exposure on the lakeshore explored close to the scientific station on the edge of Chersky. Relatively small fragments of the Late Pleistocene ice wedges, which are up to 1.5 m wide and up to 2 m high, were found in the Yedoma formation. The massive ice wedges in these two exposures were tested for clarification of paleoclimatic conditions of their development. The main research methods contain the field study of massive ice wedges and enclosing sediments, their testing and analysis of the oxygen isotope composition of the ice wedges. The measurement of oxygen isotope composition are conducted in the regime of the constant flow of helium (CF-IRMS) on the Delta-V mass spectrometer using the gas-bench complex. The scientific novelty lies in examination of the new previously undescribed exposure of the Late Pleistocene ice wedges in Chersky settlement, as well as a small Holocene wedge on the edge of the settlement. The value of δ18Î in the Late Pleistocene ice wedges vary from –32.24 to –31.45‰, while in the Holocene ice wedge from –27.94 to –26.37‰.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Khimenkov A.N., Gagarin V.E. —
Approaches to the study of deformations in permafrost soils
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2022. – ¹ 2.
– P. 36 - 65.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2022.2.38229 EDN: EJTVLL URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=38229
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Abstract:
The object of the study is the processes of metamorphism of frozen rocks, including structural restructuring, as well as plastic and brittle deformations of underground ice. In geocryology, many experts note the importance of considering the processes of deformation of frozen rocks. At the same time, the deformed rocks themselves do not stand out in a separate category, which makes it difficult to study the development of cryogenic geosystems after their formation. The main method used in this article is the analysis of the results of previous studies by various authors on the topic under consideration. The theoretical basis of the proposed approach is the provisions developed within the framework of the mechanics of frozen soils and structural ice science. The synthesis of the analyzed materials was carried out on the basis of a geosystem approach. In the proposed work, for the first time, a comparative analysis of structural deformations of various kinds of cryogenic formations was carried out. The relevance of the topic under consideration is due to the need to study the patterns of deformation of frozen rocks in natural conditions. Theoretically, this is important for a deeper understanding of the processes occurring in the cryolithozone. For practical purposes, work in this direction will allow us to more accurately assess the possibility of the development of dangerous engineering-geological processes with man-made impacts on frozen rocks.
Changes in the structure of frozen rocks continue after the formation of the primary structure. Deformations, that is, violations of the primary addition, are an integral part of the structure of frozen rocks. Data on deformations of the primary cryogenic structure provide information about the history of the development of cryogenic geosystems that have already been formed. It is necessary to develop a classification of textural and structural deformations of the cryogenic structure of frozen rocks, in which a special type should be distinguished - metamorphosed ice formations. It is necessary to develop methods of structural and deformation analysis that allow establishing links between the observed deformations of the cryogenic structure and the processes occurring in frozen rocks.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Galkin A., Pankov V.Y., Fedorov Y.V. —
The Calculated Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity of the Binary Mixture
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2022. – ¹ 4.
– P. 11 - 19.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2022.4.39349 EDN: ZORQDG URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=39349
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Abstract:
When designing cryolithozone engineering structures, proper consideration of the thermal factor largely determines their subsequent reliable and safe operation. One of the important indicators when choosing design solutions is the coefficient of thermal conductivity of materials used in the construction of objects. The accuracy of determining the thermal conductivity coefficient also depends on the accuracy of determining the thermal resistance of heat-protective structures. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of materials is usually selected from the reference tables. When using mixtures of materials, the coefficient of thermal conductivity is determined by calculation. The purpose of this work was to compare the calculated values of the thermal conductivity coefficient of binary mixtures (a mixture of binder and filler) determined by the formulas of K. Lichtenecker and P. Schwerdtfeger. The comparison was carried out in the range of changes in the properties of materials characteristic of heat-accumulating and heat-insulating mixtures. It is established that for heat-accumulating mixtures, both calculation formulas give similar results. For thermal insulation mixtures, the results differ significantly. Moreover, the discrepancy for some ranges of changes in filler concentrations is hundreds and thousands of percent, which indicates a complete disagreement of the results obtained. The validity of applying one or another formula in different ranges of changes in the initial parameters for thermal insulation binary mixtures needs separate special studies.
Note that the results obtained and the conclusions drawn can be extended to compare the formulas of K.Lichteneker and V.I.Odelevsky.
At the same time, at this stage of research, it is not possible to reliably determine which of the two formulas should be used when calculating the thermal conductivity coefficient of thermal insulation mixtures.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
Cyclocryostratigraphy of yedoma. Part 2
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2017. – ¹ 2.
– P. 54 - 99.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2017.2.22328 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=22328
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Abstract:
The author shows that the purpose of cyclocryostratigraphy is to determine, characterize and interpret periodic or quasiperiodic variations in the cryostratigraphy of permafrost sections (mainly syncriogenic ones) and their use for refining the features of the formation of permafrost. The author formulates the concept of cryocyclitis as a complex of permafrost layers and their associations with ice wedges, characterized by the direction and continuity of the change in the cryostructures properties of the ground ice and its surrounding sediments, reflected in the location of the boundaries between them, which can be seen in a vertical section (in a borehole, outcrop, bore pit, etc.). The main research methods are the radiocarbon, stable isotope and geochemical ones. The study shows that often in the yedoma strata individual cyclites duplicate each other, thus demonstrating a continuous process. The author performs the cyclocryostratigraphic research of the structural features and development of the Late Pleistocene syngenetic ice wedge in the cyclical yedoma of the Asian Arctic: Western Siberia, Yakutia, Chukotka, Novosibirsk Islands, Alaska and northern Canada.Three cycles can be distinguished in the development of syngenetic ice wedges. Microcycles result from the changes in active-layer depth and the accumulation of a thin sedimentlayer over several years. Their vertical scale varies from centimetres to tens of centimetres, and their formation time ranges from one to hundreds of years. Mesocycles result from a change in the lake water level if ice-wedge formation took place on the banks or beneath shallow water. The vertical scale of mesocycles is a few metres, and their timescale usually varies from several hundred to a few thousand years. Macrocycles relate to a major change in the sedimentationregime or rarely – and mostly at the southern border of ice-wedge formation – with major climatic oscillations. The vertical scale of macrocycles numbers tens of metres, and their duration varies usually from many tens to sometimes hundreds of thousands of years.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Chizhova J.N., Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
Deuterium excess in the snow and glaciers of the Polar Ural and massive ice of the south of the Yamal Peninsula and the coast of Baydaratskaya Bay
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2017. – ¹ 2.
– P. 100 - 111.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2017.2.23342 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=23342
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Abstract:
The subject of the study is the distribution of oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes and the variations of the deuterium excess in snow and glaciers of the Polar Urals and massive ice of the south of the Yamal Peninsula and the coast of Baydaratskaya Bay. The isotope composition of winter snow and ice of the glacier No. 1, and the glacier of the Romantics was studied in the Polar Urals. On the south of the Yamal Peninsula, the isotopic characteristics of the massive ice in the valley of the Erkutayakha River, Oyuyakha River and at the mouth of the Sabettayakha River were analyzed. The massive ice of the autochthonous type should differ significantly in the isotopic composition of the ice from the buried ice. Isotopic characteristics of massive ice are a good tool for studying the conditions of the ice formation, which is due to the processes of isotope fractionation of oxygen and hydrogen during phase transitions, while the fractionation factor of vapor-water and water-ice transitions are determined by temperature. Variations of stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in massive ice and the δ2H -d-excess ratio are used as a diagnostic tool to determine the type of ice formation. In winter snow of the Polar Urals higher values of isotope composition is recorded with depth increase, reflecting the seasonality of snow accumulation. Very high values of the deuterium excess are recorded - from 14.3 to 19 ‰, the average value was 16.9 ‰. Values of the deuterium excess are distributed in antiphase with the distribution of heavy oxygen and hydrogen with depth. The values of δ18Î in the ice of the glacier ¹1 range from -12.6 ‰ to -16.03 ‰, δ2H - from -96.7 ‰ to -115.1 ‰. The values of the deuterium excess in the ice of the glacier No. 1 are rather low, averaging 6-7 ‰, the highest value of d-excess is 13.1 ‰ the minimum value of d-excess = 4.7 ‰. For glacier ice No. 1, a negative slope δ2H-d-excess is noted, indicating congelation ice formation in a closed system (i.e., a limited volume of water). This can occur when a certain volume of thawed water in pores of the firn, when the firn mass, saturated with thawed water, turns into ice. The Romantik Glacier occupies in δ2H-d-excess ratio an intermediate position between the atmospheric precipitation (snow cover) and the ice of the glacier No. 1.Variations of stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in the massive ice on the Erkutayaha River in the southern part of the Yamal Peninsula are significant, and the δ2H-d-excess ratio is an evidence of mostly intra-soil injection ice formation, i.e. freezing of a limited volume of free water. The δ2H-d-excess ratios for massive ice at the mouth of the Oyuyakha River at the coast of Baydaratskaya Bay evidences that a powerful ice body could have been formed when a large volume of water was frozen in a closed system, as can be seen from the trend of decreasing of δ18O values down from the top. The non-explicit expression of the negative correlation of δ2H to d-excess may be due to the fact that the source of moisture was the surface water evaporated, or was characterized by less isotope fractionation than the theoretical one. The values of d-excess in ice are from 8.4 to -2.3 ‰ and indicate rather the intra-soil formation of ice. Variation of the δ2H-d-excess ratio in ice formation is an additional tool for diagnostic studies of massive ice genesis and types of ice formation.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Budantseva N.A., Belova N.G., Vasil'chuk A.C., Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
Stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in Holocene ice wedges on the western coast of Baydarata Bay, at the mouth of the Ngarka-Tambyakha River
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2018. – ¹ 1.
– P. 76 - 85.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2018.1.25857 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=25857
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The object of this study is the ice wedges of Holocene age on the western coast of the Baydarata Bay, at the mouth of the Ngarka-Tambyakha River. In the coastal cliff structure of the thin polygonal peatland have been studied. The peatland is located in the upper part of the terrace 8-17 m high. The peat is underlain by gray icy loam with layered-lenticular cryogenic structure. Ice wedges revealed at the depth 0.8 m. Their width was 1.5-2 m, and outcropped height about 1.15 m high. One representative ice wedge was sampled across horizontal axis in the upper part, 9 samples were analyzed on a mass spectrometer, the oxygen isotope and hydrogen isotope composition of ice wedges was obtained. The main conclusions are: harsh winter air temperature in the area in Holocene varied between –16 and –19° Ñ, which is about 10°Ñ warmer compared to Late Pleistocene and were close to modern ones. Obtained results complement sparse information on Holocene winter air temperature for the Baydarata Bay coast.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Budantseva N.A., Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
Variations of oxygen isotopes in rudiments of the modern syngenetic ice wedges in the lower Kolyma River
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2019. – ¹ 3.
– P. 39 - 53.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2019.3.30744 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=30744
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The subject of this study is the change in oxygen isotopic values in rudiments of the modern ice wedges in the lower reaches of Kolyma River. The authors provide delta18O values from the Ambarchik creek and Pokhodsk in the north to mouth of the Omolon River and Kolymsky rural locality in south of the region. The critical analysis on publications dedicated to Nizhnekolymsky District and the adjacent territories, which were compared by the oxygen isotopic data and winter air temperatures. Similar works on Alaska and Northern Canada are also analyzed. The key research method is field testing of the rudiments of modern ice wedges, as well as the analysis of publications containing the data of delta18O values in Nizhnekolymsky District. The main conclusions of conducted research consist in the confirmation of dependences, obtained approximately 30 years ago by Y. K. Vasilchuk on Siberia overall and Nizhnekolymsky District in particular, connecting the delta18O values in the rusiments of modern ice wedges with average January air temperatures. The authors trace the tends of variability of the delta18O values from north to south according to distance from the moisture source and increase the degree of continentality.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Vasil'chuk Y.K., Belik A.D., Vasil'chuk A.C., Budantseva N.A., Vasil'chuk J.Y., Ginzburg A.P., Bludushkina L.B. —
Variations of the composition of PAHs and the ratio of carbon and nitrogen in the soils of Batagaika thermoerosive carter in Northern Yakutia
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2020. – ¹ 3.
– P. 100 - 114.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2020.3.33583 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=33583
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Abstract:
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the ubiquitous organic pollutants. They are formed as a result of incomplete oxidation of organic substance, for example, technogenic fuel combustion, heating system, wildfires, volcanism, and decomposition of organic residues. Special attention is given to pyrogenic factor of the formation of PAHs in soils. The subject of this research is PAHs in the soils of Batagaika thermoerosive carter in Northern Yakutia in Verkhoyansky Ulus in Yakutia. The author examines the peculiarities of two soil sections (indices B-VG-2019/1 and B-VG-2019/3). Both soils are post-pyrogenic and contain visible traces of a recent fire: embers are found in subsurface horizons of the examined sections, which indicate the recent fire. The following conclusion were formulated: 1) in soils, dicyclic PAHs account for 93%, while the proportions of tricyclic and tetracyclic compounds are roughly equivalent (4% and 3%, respectively); 2) the average values of individual PAHs in the upper (up to 30 cm) and lower (deeper than 30 cm) horizons differ. In the upper horizons, their total concentration is 27 ng/g, while in the lower horizons it is 14 ng/g; 3) in this case, the key biomarker of fires is naphthalene and its homologues. The absence of PAHs with considerable molecular weight most likely testifies to the relatively low fire intensity. The highest values of C/N ratio are noted in the bedding horizon: 10.89 and 3.31, and the lower soils are characterized with approximately 1, which is substantiated by the low content of carbon and nitrogen in the soil profile.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Vasil'chuk Y.K., Vasil'chuk J.Y., Budantseva N.A., Vasil'chuk A.C., Trishin A.Y. —
Isotopic and geochemical features of the Batagaika yedoma (preliminary results)
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2017. – ¹ 3.
– P. 69 - 98.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2017.3.24433 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=24433
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The subject of the study is the yedoma, which is found in the Batagaika crater (67°34'49 "N, 134°46'19" E), located 10 km southeast of Batagay settlement, Verkhoyansk settlement, the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. The crater is located about 1.5 km downslope of the Kirgillyakh mountain; its absolute height is about 325 m. The main research methods are: fieldwork, analysis of oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopic composition, analysis of ion composition and content of dissolved forms of trace elements and their distribution in ice-wedges of the yedoma. Oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopic composition, ion composition and the content of the dissolved forms of minor and major elements were studied for the first time in ice-wedges of the Batagaika crater. It has been revealed that the ice-wedges of the Batagaika crater are of hydrocarbonate-calcium composition, a uniform content of minor and major elements is observed within each ice-wedge. The isotopic composition of the ice-wedges located in the upper (the average values of δ18O is –34.4‰, the value of δ2H is –266 ‰) and lower (the average value of δ18O is –35.7 ‰, the value of δ2H is –276‰) parts of the Batagaika crater indicates that the average January air palaeotemperature was from –51 to –55 °C.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Rudenko O.V., Vasil'chuk A.C., Enina V.V. —
Comparative analysis of the composition of subrecent pollen spectra in bottom sediments of the Laptev Sea and ice complexes of the Siberian Arctic
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2017. – ¹ 3.
– P. 1 - 16.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2017.3.24524 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=24524
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The research subject is the varieties of subrecent pollen spectra in the unbroken surface layer of bottom sediments of the Laptev Sea shelf, which had been lifted by multicorers in the expeditions ARK 27-3 and Transdrift XXI in 2012-2013 on the shelf and continental slope. The authors substantiate the possibility of reconstruction. The authors consider how the following aspects are reflected in marine pollen spectra: 1) the level of ice coverage of the sea basin, which can be seen in the presence and concentration of index types of marine cysts of dinoflagellates; 2) oscillations of the river flow, assessed by the changes of concentration of organic suspensions of terrigenous genesis in bottom sediments (spores, pollen, fresh-water green algae), transferred mainly from the yedoma sediments; 3) transformed Atlantic water migration, which can traced by index types of microfossils; 4) climate conditions, defining the level of productivity of the flora of the dominating biomes of the shore, pollen to the Laptev Sea shelf comes from. The main research method is the study of marine pollen, which includes the analysis of the species composition and the changes of concentration of terrigenous and water palynomorphs in bottom sediments collected in the southeastern part of the Laptev Sea in the paleovalley of the Lena river, which was drowned during the Postglacial transgression. The obtained varieties of quantitative and qualitative composition of pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs in the unbroken surface layer of bottom sediments and their comparison with the results of the study of pollen from yedoma complex of northeastern Siberia help evaluate the modern conditions of formation of marine pollen spectra.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Efimov V.M., Rozhin I.I., Popenko F.E., Popenko F.E., Stepanov A.V., Stepanov A.A., Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
Arrangement of bored piles in the cryolithozone of central Yakutia
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2018. – ¹ 1.
– P. 133 - 141.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2018.1.25936 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=25936
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The article deals with the problems of arranging pile foundations on the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) using bored piling. This technology, which is not so widespread in the republic, is simpler and more convenient, in contrast to reinforced concrete foundation piles. In the process of hardening concrete during the arrangement of the bored pile, local fission of frozen soil occurs. Therefore, when using bored piles in the cryolithozone, the problem of determining the design temperatures and the time of formation of the stationary soil regime at the base of the entire pile field, which allows full loading of the foundations, becomes especially critical. Field observations of the temperature regime of soils near the bored pile during its arrangement and hydration of concrete were carried out. In the course of the study, data was obtained on the dynamics of the temperature regime of the soil near the bored pile in the process of its arrangement. The data obtained show that stable negative temperatures over the entire depth of the well are observed one month after pouring, during which period the pile attains most of its strength.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
Some clear evidences of the intrasedimental origin of massive ice in northern Eurasia
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2020. – ¹ 1.
– P. 23 - 34.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2020.1.32283 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=32283
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Abstract:
Massive ice is widespread on the territory of modern of Eurasian permafrost area: in the north of Western Siberia, Taimyr, Chukotka, and Arctic islands. Their thickness reaches 45-50m. The origin of massive ice is difficult to define due to the equifinality of such two different processes as intrasedimental freezing and formation of glacial ice. In both cases, thick massive ice is formed in various ways, but with the same final appearance. Three important aspects that show the evidence of the intrasedimental origin of massive ice in the north of Eurasia are examined. At first glance, they are obvious, but still fell out of sight of paleogeocryologists. It is shown that: 1) Any currently existing Late Pleistocene glacier, or part of it located under Holocene ice, have not yet been found within the Eurasian Arctic or on the Arctic islands with ice sheets, nor in the mountainous regions. 2) The isotopic composition of the vast majority of massive ice found in northern Eurasia is quite "Holocene", whereas in the north of Canada and Alaska, ice with a very light isotopic composition can often be found. 3) It should be taken into account that massive ice is found in the Holocene sediments of Western Siberia and Chukotka, where there is no reason to assume the glaciers spread to the plains.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Fedorov V.M., Zalikhanov A.M., Degtyarev K.S. —
Peculiarities of Interannual Variability of Sea Ice Area in the Northern Hemisphere
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2023. – ¹ 2.
– P. 102 - 114.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2023.2.41008 EDN: HGKGDS URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=41008
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Abstract:
The research has been made on the basis of an array of ice data for the maximums and minimums seasonal distribution of sea ice in the Northern Hemisphere.
The probability range for the appearance of positive differences after the negative ones in March is greater than in September, and conversely. During the periods of minimum (March) and maximum (September) interannual changes, after positive differences with an increase in the number of differences in the group, the values of subsequent changes increase. There is an increase in the probability of a one sign occurrence interannual difference with an increase in the group of another sign previous differences. For the probability of zero differences (absence of variability), there is an increase in both the probability of zero values and the number of previous zero differences.
The results indicate the presence of a stabilization mechanism in the stochastic interannual variability of the sea ice area, which is confirmed by an increase in the probability of the appearance of a one sign and the number of previous differences of another sign in the group. An increase in the probability of zero values with an increase in the number of previous zero differences confirms the presence of geographical areas in which there are no interannual changes in the area of sea ice.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Chizhova J.N., Yanchenko N.I., Budantseva N.A., Baranov A.N., Ruzhnikov V.A., Vasil'chuk Y.K. —
The assessment of the Arctic and Antarctic air masses influence on the isotope composition of a snow mantle of the city of Bratsk
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2016. – ¹ 2.
– P. 75 - 85.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2016.2.21439 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=21439
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The authors study the formation of isotope-oxygen composition of a snow mantle of Bratsk and the fresh snow in Baikal region and define the main trajectories of air masses, bringing precipitation to the city of Bratsk during the cold seasons. The research area covers the city of Bratsk and the points in Irkutsk region – the village Khidiakovo (18 km from Irkutsk), the village Kultuk on the southern coast of the lake Baikal, the mountain Snezhnaya of the route Irkutsk–Bolshoye Goloustnoye and the Tunkin valley in the Republic of Buryatia. The authors register the exceeded content of sodium (4-66 times) in the city snow mantle samples compared with the background snow mantle. Though the man-caused origin of sodium in snow is obvious, the natural causes are also possible. It can be brought by air masses, for example, from the Arctic coast. The study is aimed at this hypothesis testing. The research methods include the isotope method (assessment of the content of stable oxygen-18 in snow, both fresh and settled) and the reverse trajectory method, based on the Semi-Lagrangian scheme HYSPLIT for the period from December 2015 till March 2016 with the end points at the altitude of 3000m at 12 UTC. The average ratio of oxygen-18 content (expressed in the δ-ratio as the content of heavy oxygen in relation to the standard) in the snow mantle in Bratsk was -26, 54‰ in March 2015. Inside the snowpack the δ-rates vary from the horizon to the horizon from -21,52 to 28,1‰. It is considered as a relatively “heavy” isotope-oxygen composition. The authors find out that the influence of the Arctic air masses on the isotope composition of the snow mantle in Bratsk is quite insignificant. Of 44 precipitation days for the period from December 2015 till March 2016, 21 case was connected with the western air-mass transport from the Arctic, 5 cases were connected with the moisture coming from the Arctic sector, 15 cases – with the continental source and 3 cases – with the Sea of Okhotsk.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Fedorov V.M., Grebennikov P.B., Frolov D.M. —
Analysis of responses in the dynamics of sea ice area in separate regions of the Arctic to change of insolation
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2020. – ¹ 2.
– P. 17 - 33.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2020.2.31875 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=31875
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the correlation analysis of changes in the area of sea ice in separate regions of the Arctic, and levels of internal regional correlations between multiyear monthly changes in the area of sea ice of different seas and the entire Arctic Ocean. The author also examines peculiarities in the annual amplitude course of interannual variability of monthly indices of the area of sea ice for separate districts of the Arctic, interregional links in the annual course of this amplitude of interannual variability, and determination of correlation between the annual indices of the area of sea ice with annual insolation contrast for various Arctic regions. The research method is the correlation data analysis on the area of distribution of sea ice in different districts of the Arctic and insolation contrast. The author builds an algorithm of the value forecast in the changes of sea ice area. Based on the analysis of internal correlations between multiyear and annual changes in the sea ice area in the Arctic regions, and connection with the insolation and insolation contrast, an algorithm is proposed for the value forecast of changes in the sea ice area in separate districts of the Arctic and Northern Hemisphere overall. For long-term forecast of annual values of the changes in sea ice area, the promising districts are Baffin Bay, Kara Sea, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea and Northern Hemisphere as a whole.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Vasil'chuk Y.K., Budantseva N.A., Ginzburg A.P., Vasil'chuk A.C. —
Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios of the aufeis of the Viluy River valley
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2022. – ¹ 1.
– P. 1 - 39.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2022.1.37931 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=37931
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Abstract:
The object of the study is the isotope composition of three aufeis (icing) in the Viluy River basin. Two of the three tested icing were located in the wide valleys of the streams-tributaries of the Viluy River, one on the flat bottom of the thermosuffusion sinkholes. The areas of studied icings did not exceed 30 sq. m., their thickness ranges from 45 to 100 cm. Stratification is recorded in the icings. The co-isotope diagram δ2H-δ18O shows that icing ice was formed from spring water and generally is isotopically “lighter” compared to the water of Kysyl-Yurekh stream and Viluy River. The isotope composition of the icing ice varies in a very narrow range: a) for icing 1 δ18O values vary from –19.3 to –20.9‰, δ2H values vary from –156.5 to –162.9‰; b) for icing 2 δ18O values vary from –19.7 to –22.4‰, δ2H values vary from –153.2 to –173.1‰; c) for icing 3 δ18O values vary from –19.8 to –22.7‰, δ2H values vary from –162.9 to –181.3‰. The similarity of the isotope profiles of icing 2 on Viluy and icing IB93-5 on Baylot Island and isotope profiles of icing 3 on Viluy and icing F192-6 on Baylot Island was noted, however, the scale of isotopic variations for icings on Baylot Island are 5-6 times greater than that of Viluy icings.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Vasil'chuk Y.K., Ginzburg A.P. —
Lateral and Radial Differentiation of Cryogenic Soils Chemical Composition in the Vilyuy River valley, Central Yakutia
// Arctic and Antarctica.
– 2023. – ¹ 1.
– P. 65 - 87.
DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2023.1.40034 EDN: PNASYH URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=40034
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Abstract:
The subject of the study is the soil-geochemical features of cryogenic mid-taiga landscapes of the Vilyuy River valley in its middle course, located near Mahatta and the village of Kysyl-Syr of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Morphological descriptions of soil profiles were compiled. Chemical and analytical laboratory work was carried out in order to establish the values of the physico-chemical parameters of soil horizons - pH, the content of easily soluble salts, the content of organic carbon, granulometric composition, fractional composition of iron. The main aspect of the soil-geochemical properties of the landscapes of the middle Vilyui River is the gross chemical composition of cryogenic soils. The gross contents of chemical elements were determined by X–ray fluorescence using portable X-ray diffraction, after which the geochemical coefficients of radial (profile) and lateral (catenary) differentiation of concentrations of chemical elements R and were calculated. In automorphic soils, most of the chemical elements are removed from their surface organic horizons, and in mineral ones they are concentrated. Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn and Zr differ by the highest values of the coefficients R (R reaches 20). The radial differentiation is significantly influenced by acidity, organic carbon content and other soil properties, for example, the increased content of Si, Ca, V and Zn (R up to 1,3–3,7) relative to the horizon of soil parent rocks which is associated with the content of Sorghum. In terms of lateral differentiation, most of the studied elements are characterized by accumulation in the upper part of the soil-geochemical catena. The catenae Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn and Y are most widely distributed in soils (LCa = 0.3–1.8; LMn = 0.1–2.0; LFe = 0.6–2.1; LZn = 0.9–2.9 and LY = 0.3–1.4).
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