Abstract: The article is devoted to the topic of creating an accessible living environment for people with limited mobility in urban life. It is based on the timely introduction of norms and standards for the design of an accessible environment, with the help of which the standardization of the formation of living conditions for the qualitative transformation of the environment of a modern person takes place, increasing the level of quality of his life. The purpose of the study: to substantiate the historical periodization of the development of standardization and rationing to create an affordable living environment for low-mobility citizens in Russia. The subject of the study are standards and norms for the design of architectural objects with the formation of an accessible environment for MGN. Material base: the results of scientific research on this topic and the existing regulatory framework in the field under study. Research methods: theoretical – analysis, synthesis, modeling; empirical – study of various sources of information, analysis of received and collected data. The relevance of the research lies in the fact that at present the topic of creating an accessible environment for MGN has acquired special relevance and attention at the international level, since it concerns issues of liberality, equality and humanity, which are among the dominant moral ideas of modern progressive society. The chosen path of research is poorly studied, while there are enough studies in the following areas: features of the formation of an accessible living environment; analysis of the domestic regulatory and legislative framework for the formation of a barrier-free urban environment; development of ways to improve the effectiveness of measures to develop an inclusive environment in the interests of disabled people, etc. In this paper, norms and standards for historical periods in the field of designing infrastructure facilities are considered, taking into account their adaptation to the vital needs of low-mobility citizens. The result of the study is the given justification for the historical periodization of standardization and rationing to create an affordable living environment for MGN on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Keywords: infrastructure object, development, designing, norms and standards, low-mobility groups of the population, available environment, urban planning, housing stock, historical periodization, city life

Abstract: The article examines and analyzes the experience of urban planning activities in the field of urban development from the 1990s to the present. The object of the study is the housing sector in the field of urban development management. It is proved that the existing mechanisms of urban development – integrated development of territories and development of built–up areas - have a number of disadvantages. Also, in the course of the work, the features of the application of the new regime of integrated development of the territory are considered and, based on the analysis, recommendations are proposed for improving economic efficiency and further development of legislation in the field of management of the development of the city's territories.The relevance of the work lies in the fact that the current mechanisms for managing the development of urban areas, which are used by the authorities, have not proven themselves as cost-effective tools that ensure the implementation of the necessary goals for the integrated development of territories (hereinafter - the CRT). Therefore, an important problem is the analysis of the problems of the regulatory framework in the issue of integrated development of urban areas. The purpose of the work is to develop recommendations and directions for improving the regulatory framework in the issue of increasing the economic efficiency of urban development. Research objectives: - to conduct a general analysis of urban planning theory in the development of mechanisms of urban areas; - to identify problems arising from the application of existing mechanisms; - to determine further directions for the development of urban planning legislation in matters of urban development. The study is based on an up-to-date formed base of regulatory and legal documents on the issues of integrated development of urban areas, the accumulated experience of their use in managing the development of urban areas.

Keywords: legal regulation, analysis, development of built-up areas, mechanisms of urban development, complex development of territories, development of urban areas, integrated development of territories, history of development, urban planning activities, city

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of regulatory documents in the field of thermal engineering in construction and the development of regulations for thermal protection of buildings. The object of the research is the standard documentation in the field of thermal engineering in construction. A retrospective analysis of the norms and requirements for thermal protection of buildings was carried out by identifying qualitative changes in the content of standard documentation. Building codes and regulations, Code specification, Federal laws and Government decrees have been adopted as such regulatory documents for this study. The documents that influenced these changes are considered. The normative requirements of the past years in the field of building heat engineering have been systematized. Six stages of the formation of norms for the thermal protection of buildings are determined, based on changes in the formulas for determining the resistance to heat transfer of enclosing structures and the introduction of the characteristic of the degree-day of the heating period, depending on the climatic features of the region. Trends in the development of standards for thermal protection of buildings have been determined. The main goal is to reduce the specific characteristic of heat energy consumption for heating and ventilation, which requires a change in the requirements for thermal protection, in particular, an increase in the required resistance to heat transfer, which can contribute to updating the existing set of rules for thermal protection of buildings.

Keywords: thermal engineering for construction, energy efficiency, energy saving, government decree, building envelopes, regulations, codes specification, resistance to the heat transfer, thermal protection, federal law