Abstract: The subject of the study is the deviant behavior of adolescents of different sexes who are brought up in an orphanage. To conduct the study, a sample of 40 adolescents aged 13-15 was formed, of which 20 were girls and 20 were boys. The specific conditions of the organization of the life activities of orphaned children in orphanages contribute to the formation of a number of personal characteristics in pupils that make it difficult to form a psychologically healthy personality capable of self-realization in a social space outside the familiar environment of a closed institution, and therefore it is obvious that the risk of deviant behavior among orphaned adolescents raised in orphanages is higher than teenagers raised in families. The purpose of this research was to study the peculiarities of deviant behavior of adolescent orphans of different sexes who are raised in an orphanage. Standardized psychodiagnostic techniques were selected as tools for conducting the study, meeting the objectives of the study and the age of the study participants: - methodology for diagnosing the tendency to deviant behavior (SOP) A.N. Orel; - diagnostic questionnaire to identify the propensity for various forms of deviant behavior "DAP-P"; - Student's statistical t-test. According to the totality of empirical data, their comparative analysis and statistical processing, it was found that the deviant behavior of orphaned adolescents raised in an orphanage has its own specifics, namely: boys' degree of manifestation of a tendency to deviant behavior in general and its individual forms is higher than that of girls. The study showed that in both samples there is a tendency to oppose generally accepted norms and rules, and, as mentioned above, the desire to protest against these norms and rules is due to the age and environmental characteristics of adolescents raised in an orphanage. Despite the fact that this tendency is less pronounced in girls than in boys, measures to prevent the further development of a tendency to overcome norms and rules are necessary for all participants in the study.

Keywords: nonconformism, suicide, aggression, addictive behavior, delinquent behavior, norms, orphanage, teenagers, deviant behavior, family

Abstract: The subject of this study is the historical origins of the modern ideological split in Russia, which is most clearly manifested in the conflict of generations. The beginning of this split dates back to the 1950s and 1960s, when, mainly among young people, under the influence of criticism of the cult of Stalin's personality, a rethinking of all previous political and social experience began, resulting in an ideological and psychological crisis of mass consciousness, one of the manifestations of which was youth nihilism. The purpose of the work is to analyze the ideological split between youth and the older generation in the 1950s and 1960s, which allows us to trace the further evolution and current state of the generational conflict in Russia. The main attention is paid to the characteristics of the socio-psychological state of young people in crisis and their attitude to the adult world. The methodological basis of the research was the theoretical principles of sociological constructivism, associated with the identification of public consciousness as a decisive factor of social interaction, when the subjective perception of reality sets the semantic framework and meanings of social practices. The paper uses a systematic method that allows us to combine narrative analysis with historical and sociological research data. Results: the connection between the ideological split of the period of the "Khrushchev thaw" and the conflict of generations has been revealed. The origins of youth nihilism and the crisis of Soviet identity as a factor of social crisis have been discovered. The conclusion is made about the formation in Russia of a kind of existential vacuum conducive to the reproduction of generational conflict. The novelty of the work is connected with the replacement of the traditional object of research proposed by the author in the study of the conflict of generations. Instead of the usual comparative analysis of ideas, values, orientations of youth and the adult world, an attempt is presented to study the crisis state of society as a decisive factor in the conflict of generations, when youth acts only as a social space in which the ideological crisis and the clash of values receives a favorable living environment and therefore is revealed more clearly. The work can be used for a deeper understanding of the modern ideological split of age groups and the search for practical ways to overcome it.

Keywords: Western orientation, nihilism, Khrushchev's thaw, youth, generational conflict, value divisions, ideological and psychological crisis, crisis of soviet identity, ideological split, faith undermining

Abstract: The subject of the research in this article are the features, types and frequency of conflicts arising in preschool educational institutions (on the example of kindergartens in Yakutsk). Based on the conducted psychological tests and a sociological survey of kindergarten workers, the authors consider in detail such aspects of the topic as the causes and frequency of conflict situations in kindergartens, the varieties and specifics of conflicts, the dependence of the conflict of kindergarten workers on gender, age, level of education and work experience, position. Particular attention is paid to identifying the relationship between satisfaction with basic working conditions and the level of conflict in the team. The main conclusions of the study are the following: most conflicts in kindergartens arose between children, between parents and kindergarten; most employees faced conflict situations once every six months; among kindergarten employees, such a style of behavior in conflict as compromise prevails; 37% of the surveyed employees revealed a destructive type of behavior in a conflict situation; among women, the frequency of conflicts was higher than among men; among fully satisfied employees, the frequency of conflicts was lower than among dissatisfied employees; educators and teachers needed additional knowledge about effective conflict resolution among children, methods for identifying the causes of conflict between the child and parents.

Keywords: competence, conflict, behavioral strategies, preschool educational institution, causes of conflicts, kindergarten, types of conflicts, job satisfaction, survey, conflictology

Abstract: This article determines the factors of conflictogenity of student environment in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The student environment is permeated with a lot of conflictogenic factors and tensions that need to be managed and reduced to an acceptable level. The key research methods involve sociological surveys conducted among university students and students of the specialized secondary educational establishments in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The authors explore the concept of “conflictogenity” and ”conflictogenic factor”, and analyze the demographic characteristics of student youth in the region. The article reveals the current social problems of student community, determines the external and internal conflictogenic factors faced by modern student youth, describes the behavioral tactics of students in conflict situations, and gives subjective assessments to the level of conflictogenity among students. It is noted that the level of conflictogenity of student environment is affected by objective and subjective factors, social risks and problems. As a result, the author identifies that not owning a place to live, unemployment, and financial issues are the most pressing social problems of students. In a conflict situation, most students try to follow the tactics of compromise and cooperation. The authors reveal the differences in the behavior and assessments of respondents depending on such socio-demographic characteristics as gender, age, year of study, family status, and place of residence. The article makes recommendations on reduction of the potential of conflictogenic factors and improvement of student’s situation in the region.

Keywords: conflictogen, conflict, causes of conflict, youth, students, factors, conflictogenicity, opinion poll, conflict situation, tactics of behavior