Abstract: This article is dedicated to the search of factors that intensify protest activity among youth in the modern Russian society. The relevance of research into this field is substantiated by the increase in real protest activity of Russian youth and its direct involvement into a number of resounding protests in 2017 and 2019. The author attempts to figure out the deep subcurrent of the increase of protest activity among young Russians. Polemicizing with the established research practice, the author formulates a hypothesis that the grounds for increase in protest activity of the Russian youth is created by not only external or institutional factors, but also internal experiences of the youth. The empirical base for this work became the questionnaire-based survey conducted by the author among the youth of Yekaterinburg just prior to 2019 large-scale protests that attracted a substantial number of young people. In the course of this study, it is underlined that the impulse for growth in protest activity among Russian youth can indeed be a product of internal experiences of its representatives. The main conclusion les in the thesis that the grounds for increase in protest activity of young Russians is largely created by their formation of a special political culture, raising their demands towards society and preparing the groundwork for growth of their dissatisfaction with the surrounding living conditions.

Keywords: sociologial research, Russian society, political values, political culture, protest potential, protest activity, political protest, protest, youth, youth policy

Abstract: The subject of this study is the conflict between the two Palestinian movements - Fatah and Hamas. The author outlines the key reasons for the collision between the two organizations, the dynamics of their confrontation and the attempts at third-party reconciliation. The article study examines the specific traits of the intra-Palestinian territorial and ideological fracture, which became a major obstacle on the way to the peace process between Israel and Palestine. Attention is focused on Egypt as a mediator strategically interested in the formation of a unified Palestinian government, which will decrease terrorist activity levels in the Sinai region. From the methodological standpoint, the study is rooted in the principles of cooperation of two unequally powerful actors. The Fatah, being one of the key links in the Palestinian National Authority, which is integrated into international organizations and is a legitimate presence on the global arena, and the Hamas as an armed enclave controlling the Gaza strip and employing terrorist tactics in their fight against political opponents and Israel. The study concludes that the main reason for the Fatah-Hamas conflict still being unresolved is the lack of trust between the opposing sides and their lack of ability to compromise, and the fear of being left out of the political process. A potential resolution is possible only if the opponents find the resources to make mutual compromises.

Keywords: Egypt, inter-Palestinian conflict, Ramallah, West Bank, Gaza Strip, Hamas, Fatah, PNA, Mahmoud Abbas, Ismail Haniya

Abstract: The author focuses attention on the particular traits of teaching history in France as part of secondary education. The point of focus are the "sensitive issues" of the history of the Fifth Republic which affect the formation of national identity of students, one way or another. These aspects of French history often spark social debate, which don't often end in agreement. The goal of this article is to analyze the didactic practices of the major actors in education - the teachers whose pedagogical practices are often limited by official instructions, curriculums, and the reactions of their students and their parents. During the study, the author used the ideographical method, basing on empirical data received during a specific sociological study. The study itself and the diligent interpretation of its statistical spread allowed the author to define a broad spectrum of the narratives which are the most "traumatizing" to the identity of young French citizens. The continuum of such problems includes scenarios that do not have definitive interpretations in the context of the Fifth Republic's history. The issues studied in this article aren't yet studied thoroughly enough in French social anthropology and political science, and Russian science still haven't made them an object of targeted research.  

Keywords: geopolitical choices, historical discourse, social debates, identity building, history teaching, social effect, France, actors of education, history, construction of identity

Abstract: The subject of this research is the multitude of dialogue formats of dialogue interactions between the state and the civil society that span across the communication and dialogue area of public policy, from confrontational dialogue all the way towards cooperation, agreement, partnership, constructive discussion. In-between conflict and cooperation, there is a multitude of types (clusters) of dialogue, the understanding of which has high praxiological value. The approach studied in this work plays an important role in communication strategies of interaction between the state and the civil society concerning political conflict resolution. For the methodological basis, the author chose cluster differentiation and the typology of dialogue interaction between the state and the civil society in public politics. The scientific novelty of this approach to the dialogue between society and the state is that the author, for the first time in political science, attempts to view different variants (types, clusters) of their interaction. The dialogue between the state and the civil society is examined from the point of view of differentiation and potential transition between cluster types. This approach allows to manage political interactions, lowering the degree of conflictness and allowing to reach constructive interaction, cooperation and partnership.  

Keywords: dialogue, cluster approach, communication, integration, conflict, deliberation, negotiation, cooperation, civil society, state