Abstract: The work is devoted to the conceptual understanding of trends in the development of scientific knowledge. The discovered patterns are universal and manifest themselves in a number of scientific disciplines.
The section "Systemic-structural and bioessential-deterministic meta-paradigms in linguistics" presents various understandings of anthropocentrism. The systemic-structural and anthropocentric paradigms are considered through the prism of sign theory. The theory of the sign is extended to other fields of scientific knowledge. Based on the material of a number of scientific disciplines, the relevant sections of the article show the implementation of systemic-structural and bioessential-deterministic meta-paradigms: in some sciences – in the form of paradigms (linguistics), in others – in the form of separate concepts, theories and trends (literary studies, exact sciences, religious studies). In addition, the implementation of systemic-structural and bioessential-deterministic meta-paradigms in the works of individual researchers is shown: "The structure of scientific revolutions" by T. S. Kuhn. The systemic-structural and anthropocentric paradigms are compared with the theory of the sign. The meta-paradigms correlating both the plane of expression and the plane of content in the theory of the sign are highlighted. The meta-paradigm is understood as a conceptually generalized set of scientific concepts in a number of fields of scientific knowledge, as a system of many paradigms determining the development of scientific knowledge in various scientific disciplines. The article examines the theory of the sign in an interdisciplinary aspect.
The conclusion is made that one can understand anthropocentrism in an extremely integrated way: as taking into account the sum of restrictions on the way of embodying the sign system in the linguistic and speech activity of the subject – and the sum of restrictions on the way of realizing the subject in the sign system and speech activity. An assumption is made: language is determined by the type of thinking inherent in the subjects using it. An assumption is made about the connection between signaling systems and thinking. New terms have been introduced: biossential determinism, bioessential deterministic meta-paradigm, system-structural meta-paradigm. The systemic-structural meta-paradigm is understood as a meta-paradigm of a formally oriented nature, the bioessential-deterministic one as an essentially oriented meta-paradigm.
The characteristics of the systemic-structural and bioessential-deterministic meta-paradigms are given on the example of linguistics. The universality of the nature of the meta-paradigm shift is shown. Currently, the systemic-structural meta-paradigm is being replaced by a bioessential-deterministic one.