Abstract: The subject of this research is the images of Islam and Christianity formed by the Orthodox theologians in the XIX century in the context of possibility for mutual dialogue. For a considerable time, the problem of Islamic-Christian dialogue has been viewed from various perspectives by the scholars and theologians. In Russia, it attains the character of a special phenomenon, called in a number of publications the “Orthodox-Islamic” relations (dialogue, conflict, and coexistence). Christianity and Islam coexist in the Russian territory for many centuries, having experienced both, antagonism and respectful coexistence. The author leans on the general scientific methods: comparative, systemic, and factor analysis. The topic is of religious tolerance is relevant to the present, since mutual acceptance creates a certain image that influence not only the worldview, but also the formation of political beliefs. The conclusion is made that the asserted by the government as a “primary and predominant” tradition in the territory of the Russian Empire Orthodox Church, on the one hand, expressed its tolerant attitude towards all non-Orthodox confessions, while on the other, especially within missionary circles, described the latter as hostile social forms. All attempts of the Russian Muslims to prove legitimacy and religious tolerance of Islam, faced opposition from a number of synodical authors, who preferred to see Islam as a “religion of fanatics”, demonstrating bellicose attitude towards the entire non-Islamic world.