Abstract: Due the government’s refusal of implementation in the Russian Federation of progressive tax rates on personal income, the effective solution for reducing income inequality may become the increase of progression on the incomes gained from property. Therefore, the subject of this research lies in the applied aspects of taxation of property income, including income from capital, households in accordance with the Russian legislation on taxes and fees. The goal is based on the analysis of scale, structure, personal income, as well as open data of tax statistics, assess tax burden on the income gained from property in various sources and deterring risk-contributing factors in the sphere of taxation, contributing to emergence of economic inequality of the population. For the assessment of tax burden on the various types of income, the author calculates the effective tax rate indicator, as well as relative indicator of the declared income and tax liability. Based on the analysis of statistical data for 1999-2018 period, the author determines a trend of diminishing role of income gained from property in households income, as well as change of the structure of income on the financial markets due to increased portion of dividends and yield from bank deposits. The article reveals risk-contributing factors in the area taxation of income gained from property that enhance income inequality of the population. The author ranks the categories of income from property by size of relative declared income per taxpayer according to the data from tax agents.

Abstract: The subject of the research is the experience of the foreign states in applying personal income tax as part of state redistribution policy and tax reforms aimed at boosting economic growth, reduction of inequality and changing taxpayers' behavioral patterns. The object of the research is the taxation systems of the OECD member states. Special attention is paid to proving an important role of the progressive tax scale in the taxation of physical entities as a typical element of the taxation systems in developed countries. Koroleva analyzes the dependence of the degree of progression on the Gini coefficient, average wage and gross national income. She has used general research methods (comparison, analysis and synthesis, deducation and induction) and graphic presentation of research results. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author defines patterns of the foreign states using the progressive tax scale in relation to personal income tax depending on the level of monetary inequality and well-being of their citizens. The author offers her own classification of the OECD member states depending on the amount of labor and gross income of citizens as well as the tax scale being used and the highest rate of income tax. The author also defines the main disrepances between the current state of the Russian system of personal income taxation and experience of the foreign states. 

Abstract: The relevance of the article is conditioned by the need to adapt in Russia progressive foreign experience on the use of property taxes as a tool to reduce excessive economic inequality. The article is devoted to the study of the state of the property taxation system in France. The structure of tax revenues of France's central budget in 1996-2015 is analyzed. The main elements of the solidarity tax on wealth, the inheritance and gift tax, the capital gains tax on the sale of real estate are considered. The researchers have used general research methods and techniques of vertical and horizontal economic analysis. The research has also covered statistical data of OECD countries and the Ministry of Budget, Public Accounts and Civil Administration of France. The results of the research have demonstrated an increased contribution of property taxes to GDP and tax revenues in France compared with the average for the OECD countries. The share of tax on personal income is below the average for OECD countries. Based on the results of the research the authors have concluded that wealth taxes’ role in the formation of budget of France revenues is not the main one. Their function is to solve the problem of income inequality of the population.

Abstract: The subject of research in the article advocates the economic differentiation of the population of the EU and Russia in terms of income. In particular, monetary poverty as an extreme form of excessive economic inequality and a key factor in degradation of inclusive economic growth. In the new economic reality overcoming monetary poverty is one of the flagship initiatives of social and economic policy pursued by the state. The assessment of its performance in the post-crisis period 2008-2015 is the main task of the study. The research methodology is based on the applied in the EU and the Russian system of absolute and relative indicators of monetary poverty level measurement. The divergence of their dynamics trends since 2013 is beiing elicited. At average, in the EU countries the reduction of the level of monetary poverty to the pre-crisis values was evidenced. By contrast in Russia increase of the poor fraction and aggravating of the problems of money income inequality were observed. The comparison of targets of the policy papers of the development of EU and Russia with their actual values let make a conclusion of low efficiency of the policy of combating poverty both.

Abstract: The increase of tax revenues by the end of 2014 and the first quarter of 2015 is often interpreted as a positive result of the depreciation of the ruble and the proof of the efficiency of the tax system and tax administration. The growth of tax revenues will allow the state to expand the expenditure side of the budget. However, the growth of the absolute values of tax revenue caused by the volatility of exchange rate and inflation increase of tax bases may not provide the necessary level of tax safety of the state, which actualizes the threat assessment in the tax area The article have shown signs of increasing threat to the tax safety based on the analysis of dynamics of indicators of the growth rates and structure of tax revenues of the Russian Federation consolidated budget in the period from 2003 to 2014. It appears in the declining share of tax revenues in the value of the budget revenues by increasing of its nominal values. A stepwise decrease in the proportion of tax revenues since 2009 compared with the period from 2005 to 2008, and a higher rate of growth (decline) of tax revenues compared to the same indicator of GDP in periods of growth (decline), is demonstrated by using the method of graphical representation of the results of the study. A comparison of the dynamics of the growth rate and the share of tax revenues by type allow to making the conclusion about its current and future role in the formation of a profitable part of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation. It is concluded that there are a high chance of a significant drop in tax revenues to the budget at the end of 2015, following the 2014 crisis, and the need to find potential sources to increase tax revenues of the budget system of the Russian Federation. It includes the enactment of progressive scale rates of personal income tax and the improvement of taxation of the extractive industries.

Abstract: Transition of the Russian Federation to real estate taxation solves many problems of property taxation, but leaves tax exemptions practice at the level of the Russian Federation constituents without changes. According to the current tax legislation, the authorities of regions are entitled to impose individual items of the corporate property tax and get in the long term more plenary powers for tax on real corporate estate. As a result, researches and suggestions to improve tax exemption practice at the regional level become of high importance and relevance. The authors of the present article provide an assessment of shoftfall in income of regional budgets as a result of corporate property tax exemption over the period of 2010-2013, analysis of their composition based on indications of their share in the overall volume of tax deductions represented on the given tax, cost-effectiveness analysis as well as conformity to the main requirements of the Russian Federation regulation and achievements in the theory of taxes and charges using the example of the Republic of Mordovia. In their research the authors have applied the methods of economic analysis such as construction of the descriptive model, vertical and horizontal analysis, cost-and-saving factors of tax exemptions. Informative basis involved regulatory legal acts in field of taxes at the federal and legislative levels and analytical reports provided by the Department of the Treasury of the Republic of Mordovia and Federal Tax Agency's Department of the Russian Federation in the Republic of Mordovia. As a result of the research, the authors have defined principles of corporate property tax exemptions according to which the regional taxation policy should be developed in the medium term. According to the authors, implementation of the described proposals for improving the practice of corporate property tax exemptions will enhance the financial sustainability of regional budgets and to strengthen the tax potential of the territories.