Abstract: A present-day task of historical GIS is to geotag ancient maps within еру modern coordinate system. These maps are sure to have many inaccuracies. In this regard, there is a need to develop algorithms accounting for these inaccuracies and allowing one to position sources with the smallest deformations and drawbacks. This task is also relevant for Russian plans of the General Survey. Their peculiarity is that they have accurate geodetic characteristics of plots. The research subject is a set of Nizhny Novgorod plans of the late 18th сentury which were the basis for a technique used to reconstruct the city borders and land survey plans. The research methodology is based on the historicism principal, systematicity and objectivity. The authors emphasize the role of statistical methods and apply specifically historical (historical and typological as well as historical and genetic) methods, the geodetic method to process and equalize transit traverse, modeling and cartometry. The research novelty is determined by the algorithm of city borders and historical land survey plans reconstruction, technological solutions for studying the object by means of geodetic programs, new data on land management and cartographic materials based on land management results in the specific region of Russia. The main conclusions are the positioned borders of Nizhny Novgorod in the conditional coordinate system. It was found that transit traverses of plots studied had significant angle linear errors. For settlement plots they are 3°29' and 1/31 and for pasture plots they are 2°49' and 1/80. For Blagoveshchenskiy Monastery they are 0°37’and 1/139. A raster land survey plan of Nizhny Novgorod has been made. It can be further used for geotagging and creating historical GIS.

Abstract: The article addresses five mechanisms to create past in the mass consciousness of internet users that have been singled out when analyzing the project “1917. Free history”. They are the construction of an event belt of the past through a game, the use of persons’ and institutions’ authority, the use of an authoritative format of data description, the use of special type of historical sources (personal origin sources as well as emotionally charged poems and prose) and the use of strict direction of content publication. The analysis was made in the framework of R. Barthes’ structuralist theory of myth and Yu. M. Lotman’s studies of the role of games in human life ("theater outside the theater"). The article is the first to select and analyze a myth by studying news posts by participants of a virtual historical network within 4 days in December 2017 and January 2018. The study concludes that the history of 1917 events reconstructed within a social network format is a mythology that successfully flourishes in the mass historical consciousness of Internet users since thousands of people are subscribers to the project understudy.