Abstract: The article focuses on the role of the Russian Federation in the negotiation process between the main Palestinian political forces, Fatah and Hamas, as it is through its efforts that consultations with the opposing forces are conducted on a regular basis. Special attention is given to the political divide between the main Palestinian parties as the main obstacle to intra-Palestinian reconciliation. This divide has not only led to fierce clashes between followers of different political factions but has also significantly impacted the prospects for resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. In the nearly two decades since the split in 2007, Fatah and Hamas have signed several reconciliation agreements, yet calls for reconciliation from both sides have largely been rhetorical in nature. Deep mistrust, as well as substantial ideological differences, have led to the failure of all reconciliation attempts, and tensions between the two key Palestinian political parties continue to this day. The methodology employed includes a comprehensive analysis of political documents (such as statements from Fatah and Hamas, as well as official Russian positions), a comparative analysis of the foreign policy approaches of Russia and Western countries, and empirical observations of diplomatic initiatives, including negotiations in Moscow and Beijing. The scientific novelty of the study lies in being one of the first attempts in recent years to systematize and analyze Russia's efforts to bring the positions of leading players on the intra-Palestinian track closer together. The results indicate that deep ideological and political disagreements between Fatah and Hamas remain the main obstacle to the creation of a unified Palestinian state and stable conflict resolution. At the same time, Russian diplomacy occupies a unique position by maintaining regular dialogue with both sides, setting it apart from many Western nations. An analysis of recent events and negotiations, including meetings in Moscow and Beijing, reveals the prospects for the gradual restoration of national unity among Palestinians with the active involvement of Russia and China.

Abstract: The relevance of the topic is conditioned by the significant influence of the US-Iraqi relations on the strategic stability and political architecture of the Middle East in the XXI century. The author examined the key aspects of interaction between the Republic of Iraq and the United States in the political, economic and defense spheres following the adoption of the Framework Agreement in 2008, as well as the influence of American foreign policy on the development of the Iraqi state while maintaining the American military presence. The author investigated the mechanisms and instruments used by the United States to ensure its long-term influence in Iraq. The 2008 Framework Agreement, which became the basic document for determining the priority areas of cooperation between the U.S. and Iraq, is analyzed. Special attention is paid to U.S. economic interests, political restrictions for Iraq in the sphere of foreign policy contacts, and the preservation of the U.S. military presence in the country. It is noted that cooperation with the United States creates both opportunities for the recovery and modernization of the Iraqi economy and dependence on U.S. political and economic decisions. Event analysis made it possible to study in detail the dynamics of key events that influenced the nature of bilateral interaction, it helped to identify cause-and-effect relationships between events and their consequences for Iraqi-American relations. The use of the functional analysis made it possible to systematize information about the interaction between Washington and Baghdad in strategically important areas: politics, economics, and cultural and humanitarian ties.

Abstract: The subject of the study is the complex relationship between Saudi Arabia's Middle East policy and the Kurdish question. It includes an examination of Saudi Arabia's attitudes, strategies and actions towards Kurdish groups in the region, as well as the factors influencing its approach to this issue. The object of the study, is Saudi Arabia's Middle East policy, that is, it is an analysis of Saudi Arabia's foreign policy objectives, priorities and interests in the Middle East region, with a particular focus on how the Kurdish factor influences or intersects with this policy. This includes an examination of Saudi Arabia's diplomatic relations, security concerns and strategic calculations towards Iraq and Iran, as well as its broader regional ambitions. By analyzing the Kurdish factor, the authors offer an interdisciplinary understanding that bridges the fields of political science, international relations, Middle East studies and Kurdish studies. This interdisciplinary approach allows for a fuller understanding of the complexities surrounding the Kurdish question and its implications for regional dynamics. The article presents a historical analysis of Saudi Arabia's engagement with Kurdish groups in the region, shedding light on past policies, alliances and conflicts. By contextualizing current events within a historical framework, the article offers valuable insights into the evolution of Saudi Arabia's approach to the Kurdish factor. Moreover, the article is able to assess the political implications of Saudi Arabia's approach to the Kurdish factor on regional stability, security and diplomatic relations. By assessing the potential consequences of various policy decisions, the article provides valuable insights into effective strategies for managing the Kurdish issue within the broader framework of Middle East politics.