Abstract: This article is devoted to the analysis of the influence of civil society institutions on fiscal policy in the Russian Federation. The paper examines the structure of civil society in Russia, examines the place and role of its various institutions (primarily the institute of public control) in the system of legal guarantees for the implementation and protection of both the system of constitutional principles and the system of human and civil rights and freedoms, the rights and legitimate interests of public associations, as well as other non–governmental non-profit organizations. The article analyzes the essence and content of the fiscal policy of the state, its place and role in the state policy of the Russian Federation. The paper examines the main factors influencing the formation and development of the fiscal policy of the Russian state. This article uses a number of scientific research methods: formal-logical; historical-legal; comparative-legal; statistical; sociological; method of analyzing specific legal situations. The authors analyzed various approaches to defining the concepts of civil society and fiscal policy of the state, developed and justified the author's definitions of these concepts. The paper substantiates the role of civil society in the system of factors determining the directions of development of the fiscal policy of the Russian Federation. The article analyzes the main directions of the impact of various civil society institutions on the formation and development of the fiscal policy of the Russian Federation. The paper formalizes and explores the main problems that hinder the optimization of the processes of influence of civil society institutions on the processes of formation and development of the fiscal policy of the Russian state. The authors have developed and substantiated a system of measures to resolve these problems aimed both at the development of Russian civil society as a whole and at optimizing fiscal policy in the Russian Federation.

Abstract: This article is devoted to the analysis of the role of trade unions in ensuring the implementation of the constitutional principle of democracy in the Russian Federation. The author substantiates the position that the implementation of this constitutional principle is impossible without a system of legal guarantees, among which the most important place is occupied by civil society institutions. The key and most developed institution of civil society in modern Russia are trade unions, which are voluntary public associations of citizens to protect their labor and social rights, which form the basis of the system of human and civil rights and freedoms in the Russian Federation. The article examines the main problems associated with the participation of trade unions in the implementation of forms of direct and indirect democracy in the country, and also developed and substantiated a system of proposals and recommendations to enhance the role of trade unions in ensuring the implementation of the constitutional principle of democracy in Russia.  The work uses a number of methods of scientific research, in particular: analysis; synthesis; formal-logical; comparative-legal; historical-legal; statistical; sociological; method of analysis of specific legal situations. The most important place in this system is given to proposals to improve the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the current legislation in terms of increasing the role and place of trade unions in the mechanism of implementation of direct and indirect forms of democracy in Russia.The object of this study is public relations related to the implementation of the constitutional principle of democracy in Russia, as well as the participation of trade unions in this process. The subject of the study is a set of legal norms regulating the mechanism for ensuring the implementation of the constitutional principle of democracy, as well as scientific views on the place of trade unions in the organization and functioning of this mechanism. The purpose of this study is to identify and substantiate the role of trade unions in the Russian Federation in the mechanism of ensuring the implementation of democracy as the most important constitutional principle.

Abstract: This article is devoted to the analysis of problems and prospects of development of legislation on public control in the Republic of Belarus. The object of the study is public relations related to the organization and functioning of the institute of public control in the Republic of Belarus, and the subject of the study is normative legal acts on the legal regulation of this institution of civil society in the country, as well as scientific legal doctrine in the field of organization and functioning of the institute of public control. The paper substantiates the importance of the institution of public control in the country as the most important legal guarantee for the implementation and protection of the constitutional principles of democracy and participation of citizens of the Republic of Belarus in the management of state affairs. It seems that the organization and functioning of this institution of civil society in this country are associated with numerous problems, the most important of which are, in particular: the imperfection of legislation on public control; the absence of mandatory subjects of public control who would organize and conduct public control activities on a regular basis; the lack of real powers of public control to influence to the objects of public control in order to bring their activities, acts and decisions in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus, as well as the current legislation. The authors use a number of methods of scientific research, in particular: analysis; synthesis; formal-logical; comparative-legal; historical-legal; statistical; sociological; method of analysis of specific legal situations. The article formalizes and substantiates a system of measures and proposals to resolve the above-mentioned problems in order to optimize the processes of organization and activity of this institution of civil society, both through amendments and additions to the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus and the current legislation, and through the development and adoption of new laws on: organization and functioning of the system of public control in the Republic of Belarus; creation of the Public Chamber of the Republic of Belarus, regional public chambers, district and city public chambers (councils).

Abstract: The article is devoted to the public law analysis of activities in the field of trade and consumer services as a promising object of public control in Russia. The authors explore the role and place of the public control in the system of legal guarantees for the implementation and protection of both the constitutional principles of democracy and the participation of citizens in the management of affairs, the entire system of human and civil rights and freedoms, as well as the rights and legitimate interests of public associations and other non-governmental non-profit organizations. The organization and implementation of public control are associated with numerous problems, one of which is the determination of the optimal list of objects of public control. The purpose of the study is to formalize and analyze the main problems associated with the organization and implementation of public control over activities in the field of trade and consumer services, as well as the development and justification of a system of measures to resolve these problems. A number of scientific research methods are used in the work, including: formal-logical; comparative-legal; historical-legal; statistical; sociological; method of analyzing specific legal situations. Among the above-mentioned problems, in particular, the following are investigated: the lack of formalization of this institution of civil society in the Constitution of Russia; unjustified, in the opinion of the authors, the removal from the subject of legislation on public control of activities, acts and decisions of a significant part of legal entities affecting the rights and freedoms of citizens; the lack of real powers for the subjects of public control to control activities in the field of trade and consumer services; insufficient use of positive foreign and Soviet experience in this field in the development of the institute of public control; weak financing of the activities of subjects of public control from budgets of all levels; their lack of practice in applying modern technologies in the field of control over new forms of trade and consumer services (for example, electronic trade in goods, works, services, cryptocurrency turnover, cross-border trade).