Abstract: The subject of the research is the phraseological prepositions of temporal semantics. The aim of this research is to carry out a component analysis and comparison of phraseological prepositions in the Russian and French languages. Within the framework of this research, the author has studied components of adverbs and verbal adverbs. The empirical basis of the research is the original card catatologue of phraseological prepositions of temporal semantics. The cases of how these prepositions are used were taken from the National Corpus of the Russian Language and National Corpus of the French Language. Based on the results of the practical research, the authors conclude that adverb components are quite often used in the Russian language. In the course of their research the authors have used the following methods: component analysis, descriptive method including elements of analysis, comparison and generalisation. The main conclusion of the research is that adverb components are frequently used in Russian while more rarely used in French. The authors describe semantic features of phraseological prepositions with adverb and verbal adverb components in Russian and adverb component of infinitives in French.