Abstract: The subject of this research is the history of translation the prose works of the remarkable Spanish poet, writer and publicist Antonio Machado into the Russian language. The object of this research is the translations of his prose works into the Russian languages conducted primarily in the last quarter of the XX century. The article employs biographical, descriptive, and cultural-historical methods. Special attention is given to Spanish translators I. Y. Tynyanov and V. S. Stolbov, whose names in the Russian literary space are closely related with the history of translation of the works of the prose writer and publicist Antonio Machado. The scientific novelty lies in the detailed description of A. Machado's prose, as well as detailed chronology of the emergence of translations of his prose into the Russian language. The relevance of this article substantiated by the absence of comprehensive analysis of the translations of A. Machado's prose works in the Russian Spanish studies. The prose works of A. Machado are also poorly studied in the Russian literary studies. The main conclusions consists in determination of the contribution of Russian translators to familiarization of the Russian-speaking audience with prose works of the Spanish author, as well as the need for further fundamental research of the entire literary heritage of Antonio Machado.

Abstract: The subject of the research is the functioning of single Spanish literary standard and practical experience of the Spanish Language Academy Associations in imposing a particular language standard. The research targets included analysis of the main activities of the Spanish Language Acvademy, theoretical grounds of their language policy, definition of standard, usage and variability of modern Spanish. The researchers intend not only to analyse the theoretical grounds of Spanish academic science but also to develop criteria that can be used to write study books for Russian universities as wll as to make it easier for a student or lecturer to choose a vocabulary or studybook. The main research methods are analysis, systematization and classification of theoretical utterances contained in introductions and forewords published by the Academy, and all kinds of presentations and speeches published on the websites of the aforesaid institutes. For the first time in the academic literature the researchers carry out an integral analysis of theoretical provisions of the main publications made by the Spanish Language Academy Assotiations at the beginning of the XXIth century. All publications have been divided into two groups, those that discuss the variety of Spanish dialects and those that are devoted to Spanish literary standard. The analysis of the foresaid publications has made it possible to conclude that the Spanish Language Academy intends to develop single Spanish language standard for all Spanish-speakers at all levels including school education.