Abstract: The subject of the article is the study of the main characteristics of the medical activity of medical institutions in rural areas of the rear areas of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. The research is based on consolidated statistical materials of health authorities stored in the Russian State Archive of Economics (RGAE). Based on archival materials, the article analyzes the dynamics of quantitative indicators of the provision of medical care to rural residents by medical inpatient and outpatient polyclinic institutions. Based on the comparison of a number of indicators, the author examines in detail the changes in the effectiveness of therapeutic activities. Much attention is paid to the disclosure of the territorial features of medical care in individual Union republics.
For the first time, the article presents summary indicators characterizing medical activity in rural areas for the entire war period on the scale of the Soviet Union and the rear Union republics. Based on the analysis, conclusions are made about the reduction in the number of patients admitted by healthcare institutions. At the same time, taking into account the reduction of the rural population, an increase in the relative indicators of providing the population with medical care has been proven. Based on the comparison of the duration of the patient's stay in a medical inpatient facility and mortality, the conclusion is made about the increase in the effectiveness of treatment of patients. The significant influence of evacuation and re-evacuation processes on rural medicine of the Central Asian republics has been established. The priority orientation of the Turkmen SSR and the republics of Transcaucasia to the service of the rural population by urban medical institutions is shown.

Abstract: The subject of this research lies in examination of the key trends in healthcare development of Eastern Siberia and implemented activity during the Great Patriotic War based on the statistical data extracted from the USSR People's Commissariat of Health of the State Archive of the Russian Federation. The author traces the dynamics of development the network of in-patient, outpatient-polyclinic and sanitary anti-epidemic medical care facilities of the region, and the state of its human resourcing. The data is provided on the number of patients admitted to the in-patient medical institutions and the amount of visits in out-patient medical facilities. The article reveals key results of the Eastern Siberian medicine activity, as well as the mechanism for their achievement. This author is first to analyze the summary data on the development of healthcare in Eastern Siberia. The conclusion is made on the slow development of medical network and difficult situation with its human resourcing. It is established that the due to the deployment of a network of evacuation hospitals in Krasnoyarsk Krai, this regions faced the most challenging situation. The reduced healthcare capacity entailed the decline in rendering medical aid in Eastern Siberia. However, due to the accurate determination of priority tasks abd competent utilization of the available human and material resources, the healthcare system of Eastern Siberia maintained the provision of medical care to the population at the minimum essential level, as well as fought the group of gastrointestinal infections. Therefore, despite the severe wartime conditions, the healthcare system of Eastern Siberia managed to reduce the mortality rate of the population significantly.