Abstract: The present paper is devoted to the study of objective and subjective character of translation transformations. The materials studied for the purposes of the research work relate to biographical novels by P. Kurth "Anastasia. The Riddle of Anna Anderson" and "Isadora: a Sensational Life" and their translations into Russian. As far as methodology is concerned, the methods of descriptive and comparative analyses are paramount in the present paper. The aim of the research is to analyze different types of modifications (substitution, permutation, addition, omission) to identify the inevitable changes in syntactic structures of the sentences, on the one hand, and the results of an individual approach of translators who are fluent in both Russian and English. It was revealed that all translation transformations can be divided into two groups: objective and subjective modifications. Objective transformations are the result of differences in formal and semantic systems of English and Russian, whereas subjective modifications help to express the degree of probability and emotional state or attitude of the characters towards some events, people or things. The conclusions and the main statements of this research paper may serve as a reason for the further study of the role of syntactic transformations in literary translation from English into Russian, as well as apply to the preparation of specialists studying English in lecture courses and seminars on topical issues of emotive syntax and literary translation.

Abstract: The UK's withdrawal from the European Union in 2020, as well as the 2016 referendum, had a significant impact on the functioning of many economic mechanisms and even on the lives of people in the European Union and the United Kingdom. The tightened scope of work after the 2020 pandemic has only worsened the state of many enterprises. Consumers faced heavy taxes on imported goods and services, as well as restrictions on movement between countries.
The article presents a detailed analysis of the consequences of Brexit for different parties of the negotiations, as well as illuminates the situation in 2021. As you know, everything has become even more complicated with the pandemic. In recent years, it has become increasingly difficult to reach a reasonable compromise on how to get out of this crisis: the UK economy is shaken by shortages of medical equipment, hospitals, and resources to save enterprises from COVID-19, while the introduction of new taxes on trade with the European Union is becoming more complicated due to Brexit.

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the analysis of objective and subjective nature of translation transformations. The research relies on the biographical novels “Anastasia: The Riddle of Anna Anderson” and “Isadora: A Sensational Life” by Peter Kurth and their translations into the Russian language. Research methodology employs the methods of descriptive and comparative analysis. The goal lies in examination of the various types of translation modifications (substitution, inversion, addition, and omission) for determining the inevitable changes in the sentences with syntactic structure on the one hand, and the results of individual approach of the  translators fluent in Russian and English on the other hand. The novelty consists in the analysis of syntactic modifications, taking into account various extralinguistic factors within the framework of a particular genre of fiction literature – biographical novel characterized by a special degree of expressiveness. In is established that in literary translation all transformations can be divided into two groups: objective and subjective. Objective transformations are the result of differences in the formal and semantic systems of the English and Russian languages, while subjective modifications help to express the degree of likelihood of the event, as well as the emotional state or attitude of the characters to the events, people, or things. The acquired conclusions contribute to further study of the role of syntactic transformations in the literary translation from English into Russian, as well as can be used in preparation of specialists who study English at the lectures and seminars on the relevant topics of emotive syntax and literary translation.

Abstract: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic upon everyday live alongside the conditions of isolation with even more tasks to be accomplished, testify to the high level of distress faced by every employee. There is an inextricable link between the increased number of workers experiencing emotional burnout and the conditions of self-isolation due to the pandemic. Thus, the subject of this research is the factors that have a direct impact upon the emotional state of young professionals and university students, as well as possible consequences of the emotional burnout. The scientific novelty lies in comprehensive analysis of the emotional and professional types of burnout, as well as the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, which inflicted a severe blow to the most vulnerable link – knowledge workers. This group faced an overwhelming stress at work and studying even prior to the outbreak of the pandemic. In recent years, the situation has worsened: an increasing number of people identify themselves as emotionally burned out, and many blame the pandemic. The author conducted the survey “Symptoms of the Job Burnout Questionnaire” among the students and young professionals of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation. The results, as well as effective methods of coping with emotional burnout during the pandemic, are presented in this research.