Abstract: The subject of the study is the experience of foreign countries in the field of the authenticity of the will of the people when voting on direct forms of democracy. The paper examines democracy and the identification of the will of the people in Germany. It is proposed to distinguish broad and narrow approaches to understanding reliability when it comes to identifying the will of the people.
Thus, a narrow approach is relevant only to the correctness of the vote count, and then the credibility of the will of the people should be defined as the correspondence of the final voting protocol to the actual will of the people, and with a broad approach it is proposed to consider it as the correspondence of the will of the people to the true and free will of the people.
The classification of types of distortions of the will of a citizen (based on their nature) is revealed. The main conclusions of the study are the results of studying the foreign practice of organizing the determination of the reliable expression of the will of the people in direct forms of democracy. In a number of positions, foreign experience can be borrowed. Thus, it would be justified to legislatively and constitutionally consolidate the increasing importance of political parties in the sphere of forming the will of the people. Taking into account foreign experience, it is possible to introduce specific measures of criminal and civil liability of a casuistic orientation for non-fulfillment or violation of the procedural norms of the electoral process stipulated by law, entailing distortion of the will of voters. It seems that there is a need to introduce responsibility to the people and the entire deputy corps of the legislative authority as a whole, that is, the introduction of a popular vote of no confidence in this composition of the legislative authority if there are doubts about the reliability of the results of determining the will of the people.
As guarantees of the real implementation of democracy and the power of the people, it would be necessary to provide for the adoption of the most important legislative acts in the field of determining the authenticity of the will of the people, only if there is a popular initiative.

Abstract: The subject of the study is the turnout of citizens to vote and the legal consequences associated with it. The problem lies in the different understanding of democracy, namely, what is meant by the majority of votes when making a political decision. There are three approaches: the decision should be considered adopted if the majority of citizens eligible to vote for it; the decision should be considered adopted if the majority of those who took part in the voting voted for it and at least fifty percent of citizens from the total number of citizens eligible to vote participated in the voting; the decision should be considered adopted if the majority of citizens who took part in the voting voted for and the percentage of citizens who voted out of the total number of citizens eligible to vote does not matter. The main conclusions of the study are: the electoral legislation distinguishes between two approaches to determining the turnout of citizens – the number of citizens who came to vote and the number of citizens who voted; the expression of will during voting can be active and silent (the silent expression of will of citizens, i.e. non-participation in voting, is not always indifferent, but can take into account the assessment of the political situation in the time of a particular vote); to determine the impact of the turnout of citizens on the reliability of determining the will of the people, first of all, it is necessary to distinguish between the actual and predicted turnout of citizens; by itself, the turnout of citizens does not affect the reliability of determining the will of the people (the reliability of determining the will of the people (the reliability of the will to make a political decision), as well as the turnout of citizens (the reliability of the will to participate in voting) is influenced by the conditions of voting, which must be guaranteed.

Abstract: The subject of this study is the constitutional assurance of the validity of the will of the people when voting, as well as the theoretical and practical problems that arise in this case.
In resolving this issue, the key is the problem of determining the nature of the will and the will of the people. The scientific problem raised concerns the correlation of the will of the people with its expression, as well as the establishment of a constitutional and legal connection between democracy and the expression of the will of the people. In practical terms, the scientific problem posed is manifested in the existence of a threat to the constitutional system in the form of the possibility of reflecting the distorted will of the people in the constitutionally significant voting results.

The author suggests proceeding from the non-contractual nature of the general volitional act of the people in direct forms of democracy, which is understood as a political decision taken by a majority of votes in the absence of an agreed (unanimous) expression of the will of all citizens (the theory of real democracy). In contrast to this approach, the theory of the social contract proceeds from the contractual nature of the general volitional act of the people, which is understood as a social contract based on the agreed (unanimous) will of all citizens (the theory of ideal democracy). It is concluded that due to the non-contractual nature of the general volitional act of the people, the legal consequences of making a political decision should apply to all citizens of the state, including both those citizens who expressed their will against such a decision and those citizens who did not express their will.
The novelty of the proposed provisions lies in the differentiation of the will and the will of the citizen, as well as the differentiation of the will (the general will of the people) and the will of the people (the general will of the people).

Abstract: The research subject is the criminal procedure teaching technique. The peculiarities of studying this discipline cause particular difficulties typical for various procedural disciplines. Therefore, the process of teaching should promote its mastering. The educator has to create the conditions in which a student would be able not only to acquire the set of knowledge and skills, but also would become an active, self-motivated and independent participant of cognitive activity in which it is important not only to study the methods of solving the teacher’s task but also to acquire other knowledge on the Criminal Procedure discipline. In this context, a simulation game can be an effective educational solution. The author detects the effectiveness of using a simulation game for teaching the Criminal Procedure discipline as a comprehensive method of problem-based learning. From a practical perspective, the use of a simulation game should facilitate the acquisition of knowledge by the students of the Criminal Procedure discipline and promote their professional orientation. The author considers a simulation game as a comprehensive method of problem-based learning which includes the following methods: project making, discussion and searching in education, modelling, active studying, comprehension, professional orientation in education. 
 

Abstract: Accurate determination of the place of preliminary investigation indicates adherence to the principle of legality in criminal proceedings and the achievement of goals on the protection of rights and lawful interests of the affected parties, as well as on protection of individual from wrongful and unfounded accusations and restrictions of their rights and freedoms. Science addresses the general questions pertaining to determination of the place of preliminary investigation, but does not give due attention to realization of discretionary powers of the higher investigating authority to determination of the place of preliminary investigation. The article reveals the essential conditions for application of such power by the investigating authority, and analyzes case law for compliance with these conditions. The conclusion is made that legislation does not contain clear and specific rules for determination of the place of preliminary investigation, including the territorial jurisdiction of advocating for the election or extension of pre-trial detention. The author describes the flaws in legal regulation associated with the possibility of determination of jurisdiction of a case in administrative proceedings, by means of law enforcement decision prior to the emergence of legal situation (for example, before  submission of a request for the election or extension of pre-trial detention) by lowering the rank of investigating authority, for example to district level. From the practical perspective, elimination of such flaws should facilitate the proper application of the corresponding legal norm, as well as accurate determination of the place of preliminary investigation.