Abstract: The article addresses those publications by Russian scientists on sociological aspects of social time, which are little known. In our opinion, all of them are pioneering in the area of sociology of time. The focus is on such concepts as «the past, the present, and the future time, their content and correlation»; «time as the process of change»; «using time and control over time»; «time of an individual and time of a social system»; «biological time» as a step towards social time. It is indicated, that the first sociological study on time budgets was conducted in Petrograd in 1921-1922 by P.Sorokin. We tried to remain within the field of sociology, understanding sociology as a science about functioning and changes in social systems; these social systems are presented by the subsystems of the subjects, their activity, and relations between them, «immersed» into the cultural-institutional environment. When working at this article, the authors focused on those statements of the researchers which are of conceptual significance for both the science and the solution of real time-budget problems.

Abstract: This article examines such elements of the everyday life as values, value and functional characteristics of usual activity, relationship with other people within a single community. Functional and value characteristics represents a very important side of everyday routine, being an essential and necessary addition to its continuance reflected in the budget of time. This side of everyday life is almost not touched upon in the studies of the budget of time or value orientations. The goal of this longitudinal research of everyday life (1986-2012) also did not include the analysis of this side at the first stage. But as the research continues, especially under the various socioeconomic conditions, when took place drastic changes in the status of different social groups, it appeared to be essential to refer to the value side of the everyday routine. The article attempts to provide the information about values and functions of mundane activity, acquired in the recent (2011-2012) bi-seasonal examination of living conditions, routine activity, and use of time among the rural population. The dynamic approach towards the analysis of assessments and opinions of rural dwellers pertaining to various sided of everyday life is applied. Accent is made to the changes relative to each other in evaluation of the importance and value of main types of activity. The authors determine the trend of reduction in the value of labor and increase in the importance of keeping the social contacts and relations. It is underlined that there is enhancement of orientation towards family and its material wellbeing, which manifests a core trend towards preserving the role of family in the Russian society.