Abstract: A new legal regulation is being formed in the Russian Federation related to unprecedented anti-Russian sanctions. International sanctions against Russia not only became an impetus for the development of legal institutions of Russian law, but also forced to turn to foreign anti-sanctions experience of such regulation. Under these conditions, a new legal institution of Russian law is being formed – the institute of counter-sanctions (sanctions) regulation.
This process is taking place against the background of growing ties between Russia and China. At the same time, in both countries, counter-sanctions regulation is at the stage of formation. In this regard, it is relevant to conduct a comparative legal analysis, identify common and different characteristics of legislation, which will allow us to form proposals for improving Chinese and Russian counter-sanctions regulation. The author applies both philosophical and general scientific methods of cognition (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, critical and dialectical methods) and methods specific directly to legal science (structural-logical, formal-legal, comparative-legal). The key difference between the Chinese approach to the formation of a counter-sanctions system is its focus on prohibiting compliance with the sanctions of foreign states. There is no such prohibition in Russian regulation (but several similar bills have been submitted to the legislature for consideration) and the legislative emphasis is on protecting the country and individuals from unfriendly actions of foreign states.
Although the Chinese counter-sanctions regulation differs from the Russian one, it has a number of common features with it. Also, Russian regulation is more advanced and transparent in terms of mechanisms for the introduction and control of counter-sanctions. The undeniable advantage of Russian counter-sanctions regulation is undoubtedly its official consolidation within the framework of the legal system, while in China a significant part of the sanctions are outside the official legal regulation and are located in the plane of political decisions on the country's trade policy.

Abstract: Modern international economic sanctions (unilateral restrictive measures) are a unique phenomenon and a vivid example demonstrating how the operation of the norms of private international law can affect the achievement of foreign policy goals. Being a public legal category in its essence, international economic sanctions have a significant impact on private law relations, including relations with a foreign element. Civil law and other relations complicated by a foreign element are subject to the influence of sanctions adopted by the competent authorities of foreign states: contractual, corporate relations, as well as relations within the framework of arbitration, enforcement of foreign court decisions and others. In this regard, private (civil) international law functions as a filter that translates economic sanctions of public law origin into the sphere of private law. Its main task is to choose the applicable law, and conflict of laws rules decide whether a specific international economic sanction applies to contractual relations between the parties or not. The author applies both philosophical and general scientific methods of cognition (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, critical and dialectical methods) and methods specific directly to legal science (structural-logical, formal-legal, comparative-legal).The scientific novelty of the research lies in the comprehensive study of international economic sanctions in the context of private and public law. It is precisely private international law that can help to smooth out differences in national judicial practice in cases related to international economic sanctions.
The article deals mainly with EU sanctions in the context of private international law, and also provides recommendations for improving and unifying EU sanctions regulation in the context of civil international law. The European sanctions regulation, being one of the most ancient, has a significant amount of judicial practice in the field of application and recognition of sanctions of a foreign state. The study of international sanctions in the context of private law relations can play a significant role in the development of the doctrine of private international law and law enforcement practice.