Abstract: Bases on the example of Baltic Region, the question is raised on the conservation of water resources in the context of environmental history and international cooperation. Special attention is given to the threats and risks of anthropogenic interference in the zones of chemical weapons disposal at the bottom of the Baltic Sea. The key goal of this research lies in comprehensive assessment and approach towards the problem of negative human interference into the natural environment of the Baltic water area. The article considers the instances of the emergence of a direct threat of environmental disaster, as well as a range of factors that reflect the consequences of postwar historical events. Assessment is given to the actual risks of the emergence of high level of threat to hydrological resources and adjacent territories. The novelty of this article consists in examination of the danger caused by chemical munitions disposal in the Baltic Sea in the context of construction of the “Nord Stream” and “Nord Stream – 2” export gas pipelines. The conclusion is made on the high risk of depressurization of submerged ships with chemical disposal due to inadvertent operation in the water area and neglect of the regulated environmental norms and standards. The authors note politicization of the environmental assessment of activity of the curators of the “Nord Stream” project; indicate their scrupulous compliance with the international environmental standards and territorial planning of construction in hazardous zones. The authors consider the impossibility of elimination of the negative impact of distribution of harmful substances in the Baltic Sea; however, note the possibility of minimizing the risks and maintaining the stability of the inland sea in the conditions of further anthropogenic exploitation.

Abstract: The object of this research is the sanitary-epidemiological measures in the context of history of nature preservation activity in Russia. The chronological framework covers the XVIII century, which became fundamental for the formation of legislative base in this area of study. The goal of this article consists in determining correlation of compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards with environmental well-being.  The authors also explore the question of the relevant for Russian period of the beginning of combatting insanitary conditions. The plague epidemics of the 1700-1722 that reached Moscow is viewed as the central event affecting the development of sanitary measures. The authors analyze the pivotal historical events on the matter covered in the documents and writings of the scholars involved in studying the specificity of this topic. The scientific novelty consists in consideration of the problem at hand from the perspective of historical and legislative process of development of the state. Based on studying historical processes, the authors determine a direct correlation of flora and fauna with the maintenance of sanitary and epidemiological standard at the level of state control.

Abstract: In the course of this research, the author focuses attention on the combination of historical processes that unfolded in terms of the establishment of modern environmental concept in Germany. The object of the article is the process of formation of the environmental consciousness as an aspect that throughout the centuries affected the fundamental spheres of social life. In the subject review the author refers to the indicated process through the prism of development of environmental protection in Germany. An analysis is conducted of the internal processes, their space and time metamorphoses and correlation with the establishment in the late XX century of the concept of enviromentalization of the German territories – the way to understand the reason of German establishment as one of the leading environmental states that support the paradigm of ecocentrism in Europe and the world. The article applies the inversion and deductive characters of analysis of the historical events since the postwar period and industrialization era until the ancient times of existence of the state (XI-XX centuries). The main conclusion consists in consideration of Germany as a state with an invaluable experience of environmental protection with the centuries-long history, which currently can be implemented in a number of destitute countries in the world. In the second half of the XX century, the country being in the state of severe crisis, in the short period of time took the center stage with regards to environmental indexes, as well as became a benchmark on multiple aspects. Germany must be viewed as a country with rich history of establishment of the ecocentric paradigm in society.

Abstract: The subject of the study of international relations environmental development is a complex of historical and political factors integrated into international relations on environmental protection and aimed at prevention of climatic destabilization of the planet, prevention of extensive development and the negative consequences of anthropogenic interference with the biosphere. The aim of the work is to elicit the reasons and ways of popularization of the concept of environmentalism on the international level in the XX-XXI centuries in the orderly process of international relations development, as well as to identify the consequential risks to the international political system. In the course of the study the author used a method of analysis of legal sources and a record of meetings at the highest level. With the help of inductive and deductive techniques the study compares environmental concepts in different periods of international relations development. The analysis of thematic international conferences and multilateral treaties is conducted. The historical sequence of international relations development in the field of nature protection is determined. The practice of international ecological concepts integration in the territory of the leading world powers is compared. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by consideration of the current stages of implementation and modernization of the UNFCCC provisions and the dynamically developing agendas of the parties’ annual conferences. The results revealed probability of negative application of the environmental standards in the form of interference with the sovereign foundations of statehood with regard to the leading countries. The author marks a positive impact of peaceful partnership in the sphere of environment, and its unifying role in the international community. These conclusions can be applied to further analysis of implementation of the conception of sustainable development in practice and in discussions at the annual conferences of the UNFCCC parties, as well as in teaching practice for students of the "International relations" field of study.