Moskalev G.L. —
Criminalization of denial of the genocide of the peoples of the USSR as an infringement on historical truth
// Law and Politics. – 2023. – ¹ 7.
– P. 51 - 58.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2023.7.43893
URL: https://en.e-notabene.ru/lpmag/article_43893.html
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Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of the current state and prospects of the criminal legal regulation of the denial of genocide in Russia. The issue is considered in the context of the implementation of the state task of protecting historical truth, enshrined in Part 3 of Article 67.1 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and other legal acts. Historical truth is socially significant reliable information about historical events related to ensuring the security of Russia, consisting of accurately confirmed historical facts. From 2020 to the present, the genocide of the peoples of the USSR has been established by court decisions in 13 regions of the Russian Federation, which gives information about these events both confirmation and public significance.
Analysis of the current criminal law has demonstrated that in its version, denial of the genocide of the peoples of the USSR is not a crime. The discovery of legal and social grounds leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to criminalize the genocide of the peoples of the USSR. The experience of regulating liability for genocide denial in European countries does not allow us to recommend it for reception. The experience of criminalization of such an act in the Republic of Belarus is considered preferable. As an alternative to it, a new version of Part 1 of Article 354.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is proposed, providing for responsibility for denying the genocide of the peoples of the USSR.
Moskalev G.L. —
Extremist and Terrorist Crimes in the Courts Decisions Statistics
// National Security. – 2022. – ¹ 5.
– P. 41 - 49.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2022.5.38885
URL: https://en.e-notabene.ru/nbmag/article_38885.html
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Abstract: The subject of the study is the statistical data on the state of criminal courts records in Russia in their dynamics for 2017-2021. The relevance of the study is due to the allocation in the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation from 2021 of an independent section dedicated to information security, as well as an indication in it of the threat in the form of extremist and terrorist activities carried out on the Internet. Achieving the goal of defining and specifying this threat required the fulfillment of tasks in the form of: establishing a list of extremist and terrorist information crimes; detecting trends in the number and age of convicts, as well as their distribution in different years according to these compositions. The study found that after a significant decrease in the number of convicts for extremist and terrorist information crimes in 2019, their number last year again approached the numbers of 2017. The distribution of convicts under articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation has undergone serious changes over the past 5 years.
It was found that among those convicted of crimes of extremist and terrorist orientation in 2021, the proportion of those who committed crimes using the Internet increased 5 times compared to 2017, reaching a value of 72.21%. The share of those convicted of such crimes over the age of 29 increased from 28.86% in 2018 to 55.89% in 2021. The share of juvenile convicts, on the contrary, decreased, not reaching 5% in 2021.
The results of the study allowed us to confirm the increased threat to information security in the form of extremist and terrorist activities carried out on the Internet. The obtained data on the age of convicts can be used to adjust preventive measures of anti-extremist and anti-terrorist orientation, which today are mainly focused on schoolchildren and students.
Moskalev G.L. —
Crimes of terrorist and extremist nature: statistical results of implementation of the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation
// National Security. – 2020. – ¹ 2.
– P. 1 - 10.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2020.2.32552
URL: https://en.e-notabene.ru/nbmag/article_32552.html
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the rate of recorded crimes of terrorist and extremist nature in their dynamics for the period of implementation of the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2020. For the purpose of discovering the impact of criminalization and decriminalization processes upon the changes of this index, the author explores s the norms on responsibility for extremist and terrorist crimes, which also comprise the subject of this research. Attention is given to corrections in method of accounting of such crimes in the examined period, as well as their impact upon the changes of the index. In the course of study it was discovered that compared to 2009, the number of recorded crimes of extremist nature during the period of 2014-2018 increased by 2.5-3 times, but in 2019 this index has returned to the initial numbers, which is explained by partial decriminalization of acts stipulated by the Article 28 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The number of recorded crimes of terrorist nature by 2019 superseded the 2009 index by almost 3 times, caused by criminalization of various accompanying manifestations of terrorist activity. The growth in the indexes of both cases relates to expansion of the list of actions attributable to the aforementioned categories of crimes in formation of statics. In the end, implementation of the Strategy cannot be assessed negatively due to growth in crime rate, since it is caused by the socially justified amendments to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and changes in statistical calculation.
Moskalev G.L. —
Terrorism propaganda (Article 205.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)
// National Security. – 2018. – ¹ 6.
– P. 79 - 87.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2018.6.28059
URL: https://en.e-notabene.ru/nbmag/article_28059.html
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the norm of criminal law stipulated in the Article 205.2 with regards to regulation of responsibility for terrorism propaganda. This publication makes one of the first attempts to examine the new to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation term of “terrorism propaganda”, including in correlation with the act previously prohibited by the Article 205.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Particular attention is given to interpretation of the legal definition of such act, set by the Addendum 1.1 to the aforementioned Article. The author also examines the characteristics of the subject, subject side and the ground for criminalization of terrorism propaganda. The main result of the conducted research consists in definition of the boundaries of the criminal legal prohibition of the norm established by the Article 205.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation due to inclusion of terrorism propaganda into its content. The study demonstrates how the new alternative action introduced into the Article 205.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation practically consumed previously existing actions in the Article. In introduction of insignificant legislative correction into the Addendum 1.1, public calls for terrorist activity and public justification of terrorism could be completely excluded from the norm without loss of its content.