Abstract: The object of the study is families living in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The subject of the study is the resource capital of a family with children. One of the important areas of research is the consideration of a family with children in the aspect of a resource approach. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to monitor and assess the needs and access to social benefits and services of families and their members, which will determine some mechanisms for improving their socio-economic status, respectively, well–being and quality of life, and will also determine the characteristics and degree of influence of various types of its capital in family education. The paper uses statistical data analysis, secondary analysis of sociological research data on related issues. The actual basis of the study was the data obtained during the study of the living conditions of the population in 2022 in the Republic of Bashkortostan conducted by the state statistics bodies. The paper considers the current socio-economic status of families living in the region. The factors causing the risk of reducing the well-being of families with children are identified, the directions of their impact are determined. Based on the data presented, it is shown that the risk of a decrease in the material well-being of families with children in the region is primarily caused by factors such as having many children and living in rural areas. The paper shows that the financial capital of families with children for a significant part of them acts rather as a factor limiting development opportunities and access to social goods and services. The social capital of families can act as a compensating factor and even expand life opportunities, in particular, in the field of education. Some mechanisms of leveling the factors that reduce the well-being of families with children are indicated.

Abstract: The work is devoted to the study of the issue of quality of life management in the region on the basis of a new model presented by the National Social Initiative (NSI), as most consistent with the principle of human-centricity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the improvement of the quality of life of the population in the regions of Russia. The subject of the study is the models of quality of life management of the population in the regions of Russia. The actual basis of the study was made up of data from the Agency for Strategic Initiatives, data from the Quality of Life Rating in the regions of the Russian Federation, materials from the Smarteca digital platform, as well as official materials and data from the Employment Service of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The main constructs and a fragment of parametrization are given. Using the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan, the tools for analyzing and evaluating the quality of life within the framework of the designated model are described, and the results of content analysis of management decisions in the social sphere assigned to the region as the author on the Smarteca platform are also presented. Taking into account the identified problematic points, the current directions of development in the region are highlighted. Based on the analysis of the content of practices already replicated in the region, as well as the analysis of top projects presented on Smartec, some social management practices that are relevant in order to resolve the problems identified in the region are identified.

Abstract: The labor market naturally, like any other market, is influenced by various factors that provoke social risks and threats. For the Russian labor market, first of all, this is a number of specific institutional defects and current features inherent in it, which provoke difficulties in achieving the desired social and labor status and limit opportunities for decent employment. Therefore, the study of strategies and mechanisms that contribute to their minimization does not lose its relevance. The object of the study is effective employment. The subject is attracted channels and employment strategies. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is based on the concept of social capital, studies of the functioning of social capital in the Russian labor market, the concept of the egoset and the social graph. The empirical base of the analysis was made up of state statistics data. The paper uses secondary data analysis. The basis of the retrospective analysis was made up of monitoring data on youth issues conducted by the Socio-Political Research Sector of the Institute of Socio-Economic Research of the UFIC RAS in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The paper presents an empirical analysis of the intensity of the use of formal and informal employment mechanisms. The reasons for the low intensity of the use of formal state intermediaries in the labor market in employment strategies are substantiated. It is shown that effective employment strategies are formed on the basis of convergence of formal and informal mechanisms for finding decent jobs. It is proved that the intensification of the use by job seekers of such an informal employment resource as social capital is a reaction to the presence of characteristic institutional defects and features of the modern Russian labor market.

Abstract: The application of content analysis allowed revealing that the improvement of the status of women in labor relations should become one of the key vectors of social transformation in the Republic of Bashkortostan. First and foremost it pertains to increase in employment rate of women with children of preschool age. The employment of this category of women, as part of human resources, is the crucial problem of the social sphere and social policy. The statistical analysis demonstrated that from the perspective of labor potential, namely this group is most promising due to their size, level of education, active occupational attitudes and values. However, the research indicates that up to 30 % of women in this category face difficulties with employment. In this case, single-parent families, when the main role for financial situation in the family is assigned to a woman, are particularly exposed to risk. The goal of this research is to determine the key barriers in employment of women with children in the regional job market, as well as offer mechanisms for their mitigation. The object of this research is the human resources of the region, while the subject is the employment of women. The theoretical and methodological framework is comprised of the theoretical provisions and methods of the following branches of sociology: sociology of labor, sociology of family, and economic sociology. The empirical base relies on the data from Rosstat and Territorial Federal Service of State Statistics for the Republic of Bashkortostan. In the course of this research, the author employs secondary data analysis and gender approach as a stratification approach. The comparative analysis of statistical data reveals the key trends in the sphere of women’s employment on the regional job market, as well as determines the major barriers in employment of women with children. The article offers mechanisms for alleviating a number of institutional and infrastructural barriers existing in the republic with regards to employment of women.

Abstract: One of the key tasks at the current stage of development of the Russian society and its regional communities lies on only in modification of labor capital for increasing its quantitative and qualitative parameters, but also in improving the quality of social and labor environment, which prompts more effective implementation of the available labor capital and rise in labor productivity. The development of the system of moral encouragement of personnel is viewed as the condition for improving the social and labor environment of the company and the criterion satisfaction with the work life. The subject of this research is the system of moral encouragement of personnel as the mechanism for improving the labor efficiency and mitigating conflict manifestations in the sphere of social and labor relations. The empirical analysis is based on the state statistical data, as well as the sociological survey conducted by the Sector of Socio-Political Research of the Institute for Social and Economic Research of Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2021 in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The article also employs secondary data analysis. The author substantiates the need for implementation in the companies of the Republic of Bashkortostan of the flexible system of moral encouragement based on the principle of “social cafeteria” and differentiated mechanisms considering the social characteristics of employees (men, women, and employees with family responsibilities). It is revealed that the clash of career and family is one of the most relevant spheres of the emergence of tension and conflict in modern labor collectives regardless of the field of employment. Description is given to the relevant measures of moral encouragement of personnel, which imply the broadening of options to combine work with family and parenting responsibilities.

Abstract: This article examines the gender form of division of labor as one of the vectors of analysis of social stratification of the Russian society. The goal consists in determination of the role and specificity of gender factor in the current level of differentiation, as well as in demonstration of its growing relevance in the current Russian conditions. The subject of this research is gender as a stereotype of perception and a stratification category. The study is based on the methods of systemic analysis, gender approach to the analysis of labor market, theoretical positions and methods accumulated in sectoral and cross-disciplinary field of sociology: sociology of labor, sociology of family, economic sociology, and economic anthropology. The empirical base contains the data of the Federal State Statistics Service. Secondary data analysis is applied. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of gender asymmetry are described. The author highlights the main types and forms of discrimination against women in labor sphere. The article determines and systematizes the key factors of increase in social differentiation of population. The conducted comparative analysis of statistical data demonstrates that in modern world, gender does not lose its importance within the system of differentiating characteristics in the social structure; namely in the Russian Federation, it considerably affects the process of social stratification. The author describes relevant regulatory measures in this area.

Abstract: In the conditions of the relevant in modern Russian space problem of social and inter-budget transfers and limited resources that can be used for fulfilling social goals and needs, one of the primary tasks of regional social policy becomes the identification of priority vectors of administrative influence. Thus stresses the need for the algorithm or methodology that would focus on assessment of the degree of balance of social and economic processes unfolding in different territorial entities, as well as determine the “tender” points and priorities of social reforms depending on the peculiarities of development of specific territories. The object of this research is the socioeconomic processes of territorial entities. The subject is the factors of the quality of life within the territorial entities. The empirical base relies on the data of the Federal State Statistics Service. Secondary data analysis is carried out. The article presents an overview of the theoretical-methodological and methodical foundations for assessment of the level of social development of the territories. An attempt of comprehensive assessment of social dynamics in the regions based on definition of the index of sociality of the regions is presented. The methodology offered in this article was tested on the subjects of Volga Federal District, allowed determining the key trends in social development of these territories, as well as tracing the interregional dynamics.

Abstract: One of the relevant questions of social development of the Russian Federation and its regions remains the level of social differentiation of population, which leads to profound social inequality, and thus, affects the dynamics of the coefficient of funds. This results in negative consequences for socioeconomic development and social stability, limits personal growth, and decreases the quality of labor potential. Therefore, the goal of this work lies in determining the major trend of population differentiation in Russia; as well as in revealing and systematizing the factors and methods for controlling its growth. The subject of this research is the trends of social differentiation in the Russian Federation and its regions, reflected in the dynamics of funds. The empirical base is presented by the data of the Russian Federal State Statistics Service. The author demonstrates the main reasons of the extreme social polarization in Russia and the measures for its reduction, based on the two directions of social policy – in the area of state income policy, and social and civil liability of business. The indicated set of measures will allow achieving such social affects as the reduction of poverty and expansion of the middle class, as well as strengthening of social protection policy.

Abstract: The analysis of social development trends demonstrated that along with the resource and environmental problems, the reproduction and growth of social injustice comes to the forefront among the main socioeconomic problems, attaining global scales. The urgency of the question of social polarization and inequality in Russia is high. Due to this fact, the subject of this research is the social injustice as the key problem of social development of modern Russia, its cities and regions. The goal of the work lies in determination of the basic slice of social injustice and the general trends of social development. The article presents the economic manifestation of social injustice. Methodological approach of the measurement of social inequality is based on the assessment of dynamics of decile ratios and Gini coefficient, as well as identification of poverty rate of the population. At the same time, the criteria for assessing the social justice is the indexes of the living standards of population. The author describes the leading factors of social contradictions within the system of social development; establishes the dynamics or shift of the main zone of emergence of conflict potential in modern Russian from the ethnic and religious towards the socioeconomic and social-labor zone. It is established that the major common trends of social development, which are simultaneously the factors of the formation of conflict potential in modern Russian and its regions, include: dissatisfaction with financial situation and level of social differentiation, based on the extremely unequal distribution of incomes of the population; ascending dynamics of the indexes of dissatisfactory state of employment relations coupled with the level of content with the environmental situation.

Abstract: This research reveals the key factors in social discord in the process of social development of the Russian Federation and its regions that do not meet current trends of socialization of the economy. The scale of their spread and the depth of the indexes that characterize them allows classifying them as the key sources of formation of conflict potential and threats to national security to modern Russia. The subject of this research is the general trends in social development of the Russian Federation and its regions. The aim of this work is to determine the key factors causing social tensions and the zones of social conflicts in Russia. The methodological strategies of measuring include the principle of dynamic criterion, and are based on the evaluation of indexes of social differentiation of population, as well as research through determining the structure and level of poverty, consumption, and consumer spending. The criteria for evaluation are the indexes of level and quality of life. The author determines the dynamic or shift in the main zone of formation of conflict potential in modern Russia from ethnic and religious, towards the zone of socioeconomic and social employment.