Abstract: Folded morphogenesis, which with the emergence of reinforced structures in the early XX century received a strong boost to the development, is actively used in modern architecture. The object of this research contains three types of buildings: 1) with folded forms as the main composite element; 2) with concept based on Gilles Deleuze theory of folds; 3) that use thin folded reinforced concrete structures. The goal of this work is to determine the development trend of folded morphogenesis in modern architecture, as well as give a forecast to the development of folded morphogenesis. The criteria for analysis became the quantitative and qualitative indicators: duration of construction, duration of exploitation, cost of construction, capacity, total area, height, construction material, construction place, situation, aesthetic aspect, functionality, number of floors, utility, private or government capital, and the Pritzker Architecture Prize. The research results demonstrate that the development trends of folded morphogenesis are vectored from utilitarian to spectacular function, as well as excessive fascination of the architects with aesthetics of the folded forms.

Abstract: Perhaps, none of the categories of architecture over the recent few decades has been the subject of so many contradictory assessments as the category of fold. Although by the end of the XX century, it rapidly and steadily moved from the philosophical platitude to architectural, its meaning then and now remains ambiguous. Postmodern philosophers believe that literally all areas of space – from material to abstract objects, including human mentality, are replete with folds. The pursuit of universality of application of this category requires imposing certain restrictions. The research method became the comparative analysis of interpretations of the category of fold, which includes determination and systematization of its main characteristics. Specification of the category of fold will allow creating semantic unity, make the theory observable, as well as express it with a finite number of axioms. The author suggests separating the category of fold into the wide – first and foremost meant for theoretical research, and narrow understanding – intended for implementation of the form of fold in practice.

Abstract: Despite the rapid development of research on folded morphogenesis over the few recent decades worldwide, the systematization of research methods is currently of great interest. The choice of research method directly depends in the set objective; at the same time, choice of improper method fails to demonstrate results. The study of folded morphogenesis has a number of specific features, among which is the impossibility of using classical principles, peculiarity of visual perception, incompleteness of the development process, etc. This article analyzes the method of conceptual constructs, on-site survey, comparative analysis, sociological survey, historical analysis, economic analysis, and research modeling. The goal lies in identification of advantages and disadvantages of the selected methods, their systematization and application evaluation in further research activities. It is assumed that this work will help choosing a proper method or a combination of methods. The results demonstrate that the majority of modern scholars confine themselves to using only the method of conceptual constructs, which is clearly insufficient for full implementation of the folded forms into the architecture. This author determines the following possible combinations of methods: the method of conceptual constructs and on-site surveys, method of comparative analysis and sociological survey, method of on-site survey and comparative analysis.

Abstract: The prerequisites of emergence of folded morphogenesis is one of the most complicated and insufficiently studied questions in the theory and history of architecture. The folded form either spontaneously appeared, filling almost all of the architectural space – Gothic, Baroque, Modern, Modernism, or completely disappeared – the architecture of Classicism, Functionalism of the 1920’s -1930’s. It is doubtful that such drastic changes can be explained solely by the architecture's susceptibility to various tendencies and trends; most likely, the desire of architects to look beyond the subject world and saturate the language of architecture with new shapes. The goal of this research is to determine the prerequisites of emergence of folded morphogenesis, which gives a more in-depth insight of the mechanism of its development. Each section of the article contains a brief description of the era, overview of the folded architectural elements, construction materials, color solutions of the folds, list of the most notable architects that apply folded morphogenesis in their works, as well as the causes of their occurrence. The results demonstrate that the emergence of folds in architecture was affected by the ideals and views of people of each of the epochs.

Abstract:  
The scientific interest in the morphed folded structures has significantly increased in recent decades among architects and engineers. Becoming more philosophical, the question of the form and the content interaction remains unsolved. This article considers both, domestic and foreign experiences of the morphed folded structure research, covering about 25 years since the introduction of the fold theory in architecture. The research objective is to determine the least studied areas of the architectural theory related to morphed folded structure. The methodology applied relies on gradual consideration of the morphed folded structure phenomenon in architecture conducted by both, domestic and foreign researchers. The research period is the end of XX beginning of XXI centuries. The relevance of this research is substantiated by the lack of understanding of the aesthetic, artistic, constructive value of the folded form. Research results demonstrate that majority of researchers are limited only by the conceptual developments of the morphed folded structures. Even if a small part of the concepts sees implementation, the structural decisions using the morphed fold as the basis of an artistic image, with few exceptions, are rarely effective.
 

Abstract: The process of architectural morphogenesis remains far from being completed. This article considers the phenomenon of deconstructivism, its evolution in Russia and worldwide, current state of the objects of deconstructivism, peculiarities of their preservation, and people's perception. It is expected that this work will allow to more precisely determine the role and importance of the objects of deconstructivism from the perspective of evolution of the world culture, as well as form a clearer position regarding their protection. Relevance of the article is substantiated primarily by the lack of accurate approaches towards solution of the problems associated with the preservation of architectural environment. The research method is  defined by the analysis of deconstructivist objects in terms of granting them a status of cultural heritage, as well as the analysis of opinions of the experts in the area of architecture. The great majority of buildings, designed in accordance with the concepts of deconstructivism, are unique in its kind, as well as contain the spatial planning, structural, and urban development solutions. The author underlines that the current condition of some of the deconstructivist objects causes a severe concern. The history of world architecture knows multiple examples of the loss of cultural objects, which were not referred to the list of the objects of cultural heritage for various reasons.

Abstract: Architecture remains an insufficiently studied area of human activity, which transformations at times exceed the customary logics. It is assumed that intuitive cognition is capable of propelling the architecture to new heights, but also determine the new vector of human development. The importance of intuitive cognition rapidly increases on the background of the dynamically changing world. This article examines the development trends of contemporary architecture, semantics, relationship with science, limits of application, connection with the unconscious, as well as the means of evolution of the intuitive cognition. The method of this research lies in analysis of the techniques of architectural morphogenesis. Relevance of the topic is defined primarily by the insufficient attention of researchers to the problems of intuitive cognition from the perspective of architecture. Intuition in architectural composition manifests if an architect deviates from the established standards, violates the generally accepted laws, acts contrary to the public opinion, aspires to create something new. Intuitive cognition as the key morphogenic factor can be applies in development of the space-planning solutions of buildings, interior design, establishment of urban environment, beautification of territory, creation of new concept, etc.

Abstract: At the present time, the curvilinear architecture is rapidly developing in many countries around the globe. The article provides a brief description of formation of the curvilinear structure of the buildings, as well as underlines their merits and flaws. The author analyzes the structural solutions of one of the most unique projects of contemporary architecture – the Harbin Opera House, which is designed by the Chinese architect Ma Yansong. Over three years of research demonstrated that the level of technical mastery, particularly pertaining to construction of the complex unique objects, is unfortunately not at an adequate level. The author claims that in the case of Harbin Opera House, the large capacities of the curvilinear formations have not been applied. The traditional approach towards designing of the building structures appears to be inappropriate, considering the modern forming methods. Curvilinear architecture, alongside any other, requires developing the own individual structural solutions.