Abstract: The article discusses the distinctive features of the process of formation of value orientations characteristic of modern youth in Russia. For young people of the XXI century, it is the features of behavior that can have a significant impact on the nature of decision-making in different spheres of their life, and therefore require more detailed study. The purpose of the article is to identify the characteristic features of this process in relation to the youth of Russia at the present stage of its development. Based on the analysis of scientific theoretical and empirical sources, it is concluded that the government youth policy carried out in Russia does not achieve its goal and has certain costs in the forms, methods and means used. As a result, young people in Russia do not always respond adequately to changes in social space and in some cases of their behaviorism, conflicts are observed. The methodological basis of the study was a systematic approach, which allowed to reveal the problems of modern youth, from the point of view of their value orientations and to determine the basic values for conducting a sociological study. The application of the activity approach made it possible to identify the structural elements of the process of forming value orientations and the connections between them, as well as to build its model. The main scientific result is the conclusion that the basis of the value-oriented behavior of the youth of Russia is a humanistic orientation based on the desire for self-determination and responsibility to the family, an identical group, society and the state, and the necessary component is a cultural and ideological tradition that has its origins in the family. As characteristic features of the formation of the value orientation of young people, high trust in social networks as the main means of this process, as well as a certain trust in the educational context as an environment for instilling certain traditional values are highlighted. The ranking of subjects, methods and means of forming value orientations of Russian youth identified and carried out in the course of the study will provide practical assistance in further improving the effectiveness of this process.

Abstract: The subject of the study is challenges to trust. The purpose of this article is to form a key base of challenges to trust (TOP-10) in Russia, to assess their creative and destructive beginnings and to build on this basis a predictive-probabilistic model of their manifestation.
The methodological basis of the study was a system-integrated approach, which allowed to reveal the problems of relationships in the "challenge-trust" chain, to identify the challenges affecting the long-term dynamics of the level of trust in Russia, which was provided by the use of STEEPV analysis, involving the consideration of social (S), technological (T), economic (E), environmental (E), political (P) and value (V) aspects. Content analysis and comparative analysis of a wide range of theoretical and empirical works on trust and challenges of our time made it possible to form a common base of challenges to trust in Russia. The basis for constructing a predictive-probabilistic model is the method of assigning a numerical percentage value to a call in order to create a common probabilistic platform for comparison. The construction methodology assumed the allocation of expert knowledge and their subsequent synthesis on the basis of an interactive procedure for expressing individual judgments of specialists.
В  The scientific results of the work were: a key database of trust challenges in the Russian Federation, a predictive-probabilistic model of trust challenges in Russia, which is built in the format of cross-references revealing the dichotomous characteristics of calls and their classification. The fundamental scientific conclusion was the postulate that in the conditions of modern challenges, with the existing initial level of trust, the mechanisms of trust formation functioning in the state are becoming increasingly important, the main task of which is to create a creative response that will dampen the impact of the challenge on trust, and in certain cases, increase the level of trust based on the use of positive (creative) characteristics a call.

Abstract: The object of this research is ethnosocial relations as the constructive and destructive phenomenon of modern human civilization. The subject of this research is identity as one of the distinctive foundations of ethnos and its structure. Based on the results of analysis of the theory and practice of formation and manifestation of ethnic identity, the author aims to determine and classify such characteristic elements that have a fundamental impact upon the system of interethnic communication. Theoretical framework for this research is comprised of scientific works the Russian and foreign scholars dealing with the process of the formation of ethnos and ethnosocial relations, results of sociological research, and statistical data for Russia and foreign countries. The novelty consists in the original approach towards determining the fundamental elements of the structure of ethnic identity, their classification, examination of their systemic links with the nature of modern ethnosocial relations. The conclusion is drawn that the nature of modern ethnosocial relations lies in defending its identity by the ethnic community, which manifests in its fundamental elements. The acquired results indicate that identity plays an essential role in the formation of ethnos, is deeply intertwined with its other characteristics, and has a particular structure of fundamental elements classified by the author into three groups: nomenclature and its genesis, paraphernalia, and historical area. In the conditions of interethnic communication, ethnos takes comprehensive actions on securing its identity.

Abstract: The object of this research is modern youth, while the subjects is the spiritual intelligence of modern youth. The goal of this article lies in creating a mental model of the formation of spiritual intelligence of a young individual. The research methodology contains humanistic approach that allows giving priority attention to the problems life pursuits of a young individual; systemic holistic approach that allows substantiating the content of external factors that influence spiritual intelligence of a young individual. Focus on the systemic reflection of the object ant subject of research in the context of analysis of objective reality of the modern process of radicalization of youth reveals the correlation between spiritual intelligence of the young person and their behaviorism. The main results are as follows: 1) determination of the relevant in the XXI century groups of factors that negatively impact spiritual intelligence of the individual with immature worldview, and lead them towards entering the path of radicalization; 2) creation of the mental model that reveals dependence of the transformation of spiritual intelligence of the young individual, and thus, their behaviorism vector on the impact of external and internal factors; 3) formulation of the law of self-preservation of the young individual and establishment of correlation of its elements with the factors of external environment. The novelty of this work lies in the original approach towards creation of mental model of the development  of spiritual intelligence of a young individual in the conditions of immediate impact of radical ideology, description of the process of its functioning via mathematical model, formulation of the law of self-preservation of a young individual, as well as disclosure of the role of the government youth policy in determining the vector of youth behaviorism. The acquired results can be valuable for the government and law enforcement agencies in preventing radicalization of youth, as well as building the system of youth policy adequate to democratic society.

Abstract: The object of this research is the religious terrorism. The subject is the factors contributing to this process. Based on the results of systemic analysis of the causes that incite a person towards religious terrorism, the author attempts to determine those that play a fundamental role in this asocial process and conduct their classification. The methodological framework is comprised of retrospective analysis of the scientific and publicistic texts that reveal the essence and content of religious terrorism, socio-psychological characteristics of the extremists. The systemic comprehensive approach allows revealing and substantiating the leading factors in the process of radicalization of an individual, classifying them into three groups, as well as creating a set of key factors encourage a modern person to take the path of becoming a member of the religious terrorist organization. Mathematical model that describes the functionality of such complex is built in accordance with the method of mathematical modelling. The novelty of this work and acquired results are defined by the original approach towards determining the key factors of religious terrorism of the XXI century. The author examines the correlation between these factors within a single structure, which allows to continuously replenish the ranks of religious terrorists.  The developed mathematical model reveals interdependence between the process of joining a religious terrorist organization and the key factors contributing to this action. The acquired results are valuable for the development of anti-terrorist activity in modern world, as well as creating a system of parrying the existential threats to an individual, adequate to the religious terrorism of the XXI century.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the dichotomous approach towards assessment of the impact of poverty and education level of the society upon the growth in the number of terrorist acts in modern world. The author sets a goal based on the results of study of two counterpoising views on the role of the poverty and education levels in the efficiency casting future recruits of terrorist organizations, determine and substantiate the key factors that produce destructive consequence for members of society, including possibility of involvement into terrorist activity. The theoretical base consists of accumulation of scientific works on analysis of the interconnection between the socioeconomic trends and terrorist activity, as well as result of social polling and statistical data. Methodological frameworks Is based on a complex of method, heuristically and gnoseologically justified by the goal and tasks of this work. The article primarily employs comparative and systemic methods, which allowed discovering and comparing the dichotomy of modern scientific studies on this topic. The gnoseological potential of statistical and sociological methods of quantitative and qualitative research allowed to adequately interpret the multi-vector results of scientific research on the same subject of analysis. The results acquired in this research lead to the conclusion that the socioeconomic roots of future terrorists of XXI century play a substantial role in the activity of recruiters of modern terrorist organizations. Poverty, absence of education and subsequent alienation from the society represent the basic catalysts of terrorism, and provide endless supply of young people for modern terrorist organizations.

Abstract: The object of this research is the transport and logistics system. The subject of this research is the maritime terrorism and piracy as a threat to transport and logistics process at sea. The goal consists to determine and substantiate the manifestations of maritime terrorism and piracy as a remaining threat to commercial operation of maritime transport. Analysis is conducted on the potential object of terrorist attacks, piracy affected areas, as well as tactics and methods used by terrorist organizations, which allowed formulating five main forms of maritime terrorism based on the criteria of use of maritime space and selection of targets by terrorists. Special role is assigned to determination of the key factors contributing to maritime terrorism and piracy, peculiarities of their manifestation in most problematic areas of the World Ocean. The scientific novelty consists in theoretical and practical substantiation of the choice of research methods. The acquired results led to the conclusion that each sea transport region has its own specificities in manifestation of maritime terrorism and piracy. At the same time, there are universal forms, methods and means of their manifestation. Based on these facts, the author determined and substantiated the three basic areas for improvement of transport and logistic systems management to attenuate threats of maritime terrorism and piracy in the XXI century.

Abstract: The object of this research is the sociopolitical situation. The subject is the methodological aspects of assessing its conflictogenity. Based on the results of studying the structure and relations between the elements of sociopolitical situation, the author sets a goal to determine and substantiate the criteria allowing analyzing the existing social contradictions and assessing their conflictogenity. The theoretical foundation contains the works of assessment methodology for military-political and sociopolitical situation. Special role is assigned to substantiation of the tools for analyzing conflictogenity of sociopolitical situation in society, region and worldwide, as well as determination of the criteria for their characteristic. The article applies the set of methods of systemic analysis – system-component, system-structural, system-functional, and system-evolutionary for logical and neat structuring of the algorithm of assessing conflictogenity of sociopolitical situation. Gnoseological potential of general scientific methods (synthesis and comparison) allows classifying the types of sociopolitical situation and adequately structuring the sequence of assessment of its conflictogenity. The scientific novelty consists in theoretical and practical substantiation of the choice of research methods at each stage of the assessment of conflictogenity of sociopolitical situation. The acquired results lead to a conclusion that each sociopolitical situation is characterized with a number factors, which may escalate tension in relationship between actors of sociopolitical process and generate a conflict.

Abstract: The object of this research is the management system as a part of transport and logistics complex. The subject of this research is the digitalization of management system. Leaning on the results of studying the transition towards digitalization, the author sets a goal to determine and substantiate the criteria and methods for assessing the efficiency of implementation of digital technologies into the logistics management system. Theoretical foundation contains the works dedicated to studying the effectiveness of transition processes from the traditional management system towards digital, as well as to substantiation of mathematical tools for quantitative assessment of its effectiveness. The author analyzes the factors influencing the logistic process management, as well as formulates the concept of operational, technical, and economic effectiveness of digitalization process of the management system. The article determines the elements of the logistic process managements subject to prioritized transition from the traditional element base towards digital. The applied set of methods of systemic analysis allows to logically structure the system of criteria and indicators for assessing the efficiency of digitalization of management system. Using the gnoseological potential of general scientific methods, the author formulates his own vision of the category of efficient digitalization of management of transport and logistics system. The scientific novelty consist in theoretical and practical substantiation of selection of the criteria, indicators and methods for assessing efficiency of management system digitalization. The obtained results lead to a conclusion that the task of assessing digitalization of management system in the logistics sector, from both, theoretical and methodological perspective, has yet to be fully addressed.

Abstract: The object of this research is extremism. The subject is the special characteristics of the definition of "extremism" contained in the normative legal acts. Based on the analysis of domestic and international legal documents, it is proven that the category of "extremism" has no universal legal definition. This fact and the ambiguity of the legal interpretation of extremism as a wrongful act, significantly reduces the practical application of normative legal acts in the course of preliminary investigation, as well as investigative and judicial activities. Additionally, in the context of the entity category of "extremism", this work examines such forms of extremism as radicalism. The study uses complex methodological approaches that help achieve the goals and solve the tasks of the research: general research methods (analysis and synthesis, logical), system analysis, comparative and legal methods. The result of this study is the selection of special features in the contents of the definition of "extremism" that are present in its interpretation of international and domestic legal instruments, comparing them with threats to national security of the Russian Federation and on this basis defining the universal logical boundaries of extremism as an illegal act.

Abstract: The object of this research is extremism. The subject is the special characteristics of the definition of "extremism" contained in the normative legal acts. Based on the analysis of domestic and international legal documents, it is proven that the category of "extremism" has no universal legal definition. This fact and the ambiguity of the legal interpretation of extremism as a wrongful act, significantly reduces the practical application of normative legal acts in the course of preliminary investigation, as well as investigative and judicial activities. Additionally, in the context of the entity category of "extremism", this work examines such forms of extremism as radicalism. The study uses complex methodological approaches that help achieve the goals and solve the tasks of the research: general research methods (analysis and synthesis, logical), system analysis, comparative and legal methods. The result of this study is the selection of special features in the contents of the definition of "extremism" that are present in its interpretation of international and domestic legal instruments, comparing them with threats to national security of the Russian Federation and on this basis defining the universal logical boundaries of extremism as an illegal act.

Abstract: The object of this study is the category of "extremism". The subject of this study is the scientific, political, and legal approaches towards the nature, structure, and content of this definition contained in the domestic and foreign theoretical and specialized works. The source base leans on the most popular academic dictionaries and encyclopedias, as well as scientific articles, conference theses and dissertations. The article proves that the ambiguity of interpretations of the category of "extremism" significantly reduces its practical application in the course of pre-investigation, investigative, and judicial activities. The result of the study lies in determination of the marked in the politological and juridical literature general theoretical characteristics and particular features of extremism as a political-legal phenomenon, which will assists to the law enforcement agencies and judicial bodies in adequate qualification of the crimes of extremist nature.

Abstract: The research object is a terrorist’s mind. The research subject is the basic socio-psychological universals, which, in the author’s opinion, are typical for the members of contemporary terrorist organizations. The results of Russian and foreign research in the sphere of analysis of terrorist activity demonstrate the ambiguity of interpretation of the motives of a contemporary terrorist. The purpose of the study is to analyze the methodological approaches to socio-psychological traits of a terrorist’s personality, synthesize the acquired results, and generalize, classify and unify them. The research methodology is based on general scientific methods of cognition: analysis and synthesis, the comparative and system methods. Special attention is given to the analysis of the materials of judicial and investigational practice and the polysemantic approaches to the cognition of the criminal psychology of terrorist nature. The author outlines and classifies social and psychological universals, which, in the author’s opinion, can be typical for the majority of individuals involved in terrorist organizations in Russia and abroad. Practical importance of the study consists in the provision of anti-terrorist agencies with new scientific data about the socio-psychological sphere of terrorism. 

Abstract: Abstract: The Object of this study is to volunteer White movement in Soviet Russia in the period from 1917 to 1920, the author of the article on the basis of the analysis of activity of the volunteer of the White movement and consider it from the standpoint of political science and systems approach defines, explains and reveals the content of the main socio-political factors which, he believes, led to the defeat of the volunteer White army in Soviet Russia. In addition, the author also concludes that due to the presence of these factors and the neglect of them by the command of the White movement his defeat was predetermined at the stage of nucleation. This is the scientific novelty of the study. Special attention is paid to the description of relationships between identified factors, as well as the author's understanding of their contents basis. Scientific results allowed us to validate the conclusion that one of the main negative factors in the activities of the White movement in Soviet Russia was the rate of his command on volunteerism, and in a timely manner was not supported by the formal mobilization of human resources to fight against the new regime of the Bolsheviks.

Abstract: The object of this research is the ideological foundations of the process of provision of national security of the Russian Federation that are being examined as a system. Currently, there is no unanimity among scientists and politicians on the need for implementing ideology in the system of ensuring national security of the Russian Federation, as well as in its structure and content. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the author based on the analysis of the processes of provision of national security of the state (society and individual) from the perspective of historical and systemic approaches defines, substantiates, and classifies the elements of the ideological grounds of the process of provision of national security of the Russian Federation, as well as reveals their content aspect. A special attention is given to the description of correlation between the elements of ideological foundations and to the author’s understanding of its structure and content. The functions of ideological foundations and the acquired scientific results detected during the course of research, helped identify the presence of the elements of the system of ideological foundations of certain substance within the structure – national patriotic ideology. In conclusion, the author points out that the ideological foundations are specifically important for Russia due to its historical development, collectivistic consciousness of the citizens that cannot see themselves outside of the state; and the state serves as an intrinsic condition for the stability of the society.

Abstract: The object of the research in this article is nationalism. The analysis of the results of various methodological approaches to nationalism demonstarte the main vectors of its impact on international relations, factors of the emergence and settlement of inter-ethnic (ethnic) conflicts. The aim of the article is to analyse the nature of "nationalism" as an ambiguous phenomenon in national public relations and to define its role as the main source of modern inter-ethnic (ethnic) conflicts. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the duality of nationalism in inter-ethnic (ethnic) relations.The study involves system-integrated, cultural, historical and political scientific methodological approaches, as well as classification of nationalism by various grounds. The main conclusion of the conducted research was the fact that in modern conditions the nationalism serves as a primary source of inter-ethnic (ethnic) conflicts in the first place, not as a cultural factor (which is its nature), but as a political factor, as an instrument in the hands of ethnocracy. Examples of individual countries show that nationalism in its manifestation in society can play both a constructive role, acquiring patriotic orientation, and also a deconstructivist role, working as a catalyst of inter-ethnic tensions.

Abstract: This article focuses on the system of national security. Presently, neither the scientific, nor the rulemaking literature has a unity on the interpretation of the category “system of national security” and the composition of its elements. A special attention is given to the description of connections between the elements of the system and author’s perception of the category “system of national security of the Russian Federation”. The discovered functions allowed the author to describe the process of interaction of the elements of the system of national security. The results acquired throughout the course of the research allow us to make a number of conclusions. Firstly, the structure of the system of national security represents a construct of interconnected components: objects; subjects; ideological-theoretical and legislative bases; administrative branches; goals; tasks; main directions; capabilities and the means that function within the interests of ensuring national security of the country on the required level. Secondly, the objects divide into three groups: government, population, person (individual). Thirdly, by subjects we mean: government institutions, civil society, and mass media.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the basic categories of the conceptual apparatus of the theory of national security: "danger" and "threat". Effective functionality of the system for ensuring national security of the state is impossible without a clear and unambiguous understanding of the essence and content of the basic categories in the theory of national security. Only unambiguous interpretation and understanding of these categories will allow the security subjects to provide quality planning of events on insurance of national security of the Russian Federation.
The results obtained in the course of the research allow making a number of conclusions. Firstly, despite the lengthy study of the categories, "danger" and "threat" in the theory of national security were never taken to the point of a unified concept. Secondly, the implementation of these categories in the normative legal documents differs in nature and content, and does not fully reflect the essence of the processes that take place within the system of ensuring national security. Thirdly, the system of ensuring national security should be designed with consideration of both, the explicit and implicit (including unknown) hazards and threats, as only in this case we can speak about the possibility of implementing its functions. The author proposes solutions to the above problems.