Abstract: The goal of this research lies in the assessment of predictive validity of psychological markers of health and work capacity of the persons of retirement age, and its comparison with predictive value of medical markers. The survey involved 496 retirees (386 women, 110 men) assigned to the Moscow medical center for cardiology. The research is based on longitudinal case study with two cross-sections. The section included the assessment of personality and life path indicators, medical examinations, psychological and medical predictions of health conditions. The second section included medical examination, assessment of changes in health conditions and preservation of life. The conclusion is made that psychological prognosis is more accurate in predicting preservation of life, while medical – in preservation of health. Psychological markers correlating with health conditions of younger and older retirees (family status, parental status, object of care, absence of bad habits, high level of activity and goal commitment, sociability) were determined retrospectively. Based on that, the author develops the strategies for organization of life path, which makes preservation of life and health more feasible. For young retirees, this is the strategy for combining the care for loved ones with high level of activity and quitting alcohol consumption. For older retirees, this is the strategy for combining care for loved ones with having a family and high level of activity. It is established that psychological markers of health have predictive value and can be recommended for experimental validation of their efficiency as an independent variable.

Abstract: The aim of the research is to analyze psychological and behavioral risks of cardiovascular diseases at retirement age and to compare these risks to other risks of socially significant diseases. The research involved retired men and women. The subject of the research is personality traits of retired people that contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, endocrinological and respiratory diseases. The authors examine the influence of such factors as addicitions (alcoholism, smoking, compulsive eating), typological behavioral features (A, B and D types of behavior), emotional sphere and communication peculiarities. The research involved 525 pensioners who came to the city out-patient clinic, 496 of them had a record of a significantly important disease. The researchers have applied such methods as questionnairies, self-assessment and medical analysis data. To process data, the authors have used one-factor analysis of variance and regression analysis. The results of the research demonstrate that many psychological risks are common for different socially important diseases (in particular, bad habits and aggression) and career advancement is the general cause. However, there are personality traits that influence the development of a particular disease, for example, creative hobby and attribution to the Human - Sign kind of profession reduce the risk of heart diseases. Attribution to the Human - Nature kind of profession decreases the risk of diabetes, and intellectual hobbies reduce the risk of lung diseases. Conclusions: it is necessary to take into account personality traits and personality type when assessing the risk of diseases. 

Abstract: The goal of this research is the peculiarities of personal organization of the way of living affecting the development of cardiovascular diseases among various types of personality in senior age. The research method consists of the diagnostic of personality traits, questionnaire on the way of living, analysis of medical documents, expert assessment. The dependent variable includes: personality traits, such as aggressiveness, activeness, outgoingness, optimism, thoughtfulness; and peculiarities of the way of living, such as career, hobby, bad habits, etc. The independent variable includes the level of cardiovascular pathology. The additional variables include professional types, gender and age. Statistical method in form of dispersion analysis ANOVA was used in the course of research. The results demonstrate that the risk of development of cardiovascular diseases among senior citizens is increased by aggressiveness, professional activity in the sphere “man-technology”, psychological addictions (alcohol consumption, smoking, compulsive eating); while reduced by optimism and presence of hobbies. Among the senior citizens of work and technical specializations, the risk of cardiovascular diseases was also enhanced by outgoingness, activeness and determination, career growth; while reduced by the presence of hobbies. Among the senior population of human-oriented professions, the risk was reduced by the presence of sport hobby. Among office employees, the risk was reduced by professional activity and career growth, while increased by other types of activity; social interactions are also considered as favorable. The conclusion is made that alongside the general factors, there are individual prerequisites for the emergence of cardiovascular diseases depending on professional type of a person. Validation of the acquired results require additional research.  

Abstract: The methodology of the presented research reflects the complexity and interdisciplinarity of the stated problems and is deductive in nature. It is based on the analysis of the content of the concepts “personality” and “linguistic personality” as being more general in relation to the phenomenon of the secondary linguistic personality. The method of abstraction allows you to select from the general picture of the views and ideas about the structure and content of the personality, linguistic personality and secondary linguistic personality those of its components that can serve as specific objects and vectors of linguopedagogical activity. The novelty of the article is caused by the fact that attracting quite a lot in modern humanities phenomenon has been studied both in the psycholinguistic and linguodidactic context, while the former creates a substantive and methodological basis for the latter. It also seems to be a new approach, in which three related, but rarely found together, concepts are exposed to structural-content analysis and identification of connections: personality, language personality and secondary language personality.