Abstract: This article examines the points of view of modern scholars, pedagogues and theologians upon the problem of the loss of spirituality in the current system of education in Russia. The authors analyze the two extreme opinions. The first one consists in the need for reviving the spiritual component in education. The loss of spirituality in this sphere led to dropping of value orientations, national unity and cultural identity of the modern generation of Russians. The second opinion reflects the views of scholars that in the information society an individual can combine the qualities of intellectual ruler of life and spirituality. In this case, the loss of spirituality is considered a natural human improvement process. As a result of the analysis of both points of view on the role of spirituality within the modern education system, the authors believe that the solution should be found in harmonization of secular and religious education in the conditions of development of information society. This problem could be solved with introduction of theology as a scientific specialty, which would allow preparing theologians of new generation. The next stage in studying this problematic would consist in the examination of experience of implementation of theological education in different Russian universities, namely Kozma Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University, since it features Bachelor’s and Master’s programs of Orthodox theology.

Abstract: Under the conditions of developing information society both social system and essential (generic) personality features undergo transformation. These transformations have both positive and negative consequences. Today there are a lot of researches which authors try to find and analyze what causes such transformations. Having analyzed researches devoted to this issue, the authors of the present article discover that researchers ignore one of the main reasons of negative personality transformations which is transformation of socialization process. In the course of their research the authors have studied and analyzed results of both Russian and foreign researches on the matter. The research methodology includes the theory of activity and theory of socialization developed by Nizhi Novgorod Club 'Universum' headed by L. Zelenov as well as the concept of information socialization offered by E. Gryaznova. The results of the research demonstrate that the main reason for personality transformation in the process of information socialization is the replacement of an actual actor of socialization with an informative quasi-actor. At the personalization stage generic features of personality are subject to transformation as a result of changes in structural elements of three main subsystems of culture (informative, praxiological and axiological subsystems). To adjust to rapidly changing conditions created by information culture, human has to change at the level of human essence. The language, activity and communication methods are transformed, too. 

Abstract: The goal of this work is demonstration of the possibilities of implementation of the pedagogical principles and methods in formation of methodological culture of a young scholar at the lectures and practice, tested in the course of multiyear work with the indicated set of students. As an example, the author selected the topic “Definition of the concept of science”, because it is included to multiple disciplines of masters and postgraduate programs in various aspects. Special attention is given to the problem of creation of the integral theoretical, methodological and practical foundations of educational courses based on the example of the disciplines “Philosophy of Science” and “Methodology of Scientific Activity”. The key methods of research contain the analytical overview of scientific culture, analysis, generalization, classification, principles of didactics, individual approach to a student in terms of the collective work, systematicity and sequence, stability in knowledge and skills, correlation of theory and practice. The listed pedagogical methods can be implemented in practice by the educators in creation of the learning courses for magistrates and postgraduates. In particular, they make the lecture material more interesting and relevant, help the students to create a holistic understanding of the goals and tasks of the studied subject, as well as the practical importance of the acquired theoretical knowledge. Inclusion of the elements of methodology of scientific knowledge into theoretical material conduces the more efficient achievement of one of the major goals of education – attainment of methodological culture by young scholars.