Abstract: The subject of this research is the correlation between humanistic expertise and popularization of scientific knowledge. The author turns special attention to the fact of growing influence of scientific knowledge alongside scientific and technical innovations upon the lives of individuals and society overall. At the same time, the complexity of modern scientific knowledge and implemented innovative solutions demands higher responsibility with regards to expertise. Therefore, special relevance gains the expertise of the processes of implementation of innovations, which would take into account the interests of not only scholars, corporations and government, but also lay audience. Thus, the author explores such aspect of the topic as the impact of popularization of scientific knowledge upon the possibility of conducting humanistic expertise. The main conclusions consists in the analysis of the process of popularization of scientific knowledge as one of crucial preliminary stages for conducting humanistic expertise. At the same time, development of the procedures for humanitarian expertise requires not just the popularization of scientific knowledge, based on delivering the research results to the public, common to the deficiency model of popularization; special attention should be given to the models of dialogue and participation which imply active interaction between the scholars and lay audience. An important element in popularization of scientific knowledge on the basis of the model of participation becomes the formation of citizen science, within the framework of which the scholars and lay audience can collaborate on research. As a result of implementation of such strategies, humanistic expertise acquires the traits of transdisciplinary activity.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the analysis of specificity of functionality of communication platforms on the Internet. They can be presented as trading zones, the foundation for development of the new ways for establishing relationships between various actors. Special role in their functioning is played by interaction between human and nonhuman actors, such as interfaces, software strings, voice-activated digital assistant, and other. Such trading zones may be described as the space suggesting formation of the new type of sociality as the basis for building associations and unions between the human and nonhuman actors. Leaning on the methodological approaches towards the analysis of trading zones demonstrated in the works of P. Galison, and application of the elements of methodological approach used in terms of the actor-network theory by B. Latour and M. Callon, the author views functionality of such trading zones as network elements. The main conclusion consists in the statement that the communication platforms may be described as the hybrid distributed spaces of interpretation and harmonization of activity between human and nonhuman actors operating within the framework of the Internet culture. The advantages of hybrid functionality of trading zone on the Internet include: fast creation of new associations and networks; communication and compliance with general rules developed in the process of creation and operation of associations between different actors; constructive character of associations; formation of the situation of uncertainty. The following aspects can be referred to as limitations: formality and technical invariance of their functionality; diminishing connectedness with the traditional cultures; primacy of the rational, rationalization of affectiveness and imposition of the specific standards of rationality.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the analysis of functioning of the Internet communication platforms. Special attention is given to possibility of building typology of the Internet communication platforms. The author assumes that the meticulous analysis of their functioning mechanism and ways of interaction of the users can help structuring a fairly precise typology. Therefore, the author examines such topics as the specificity of Internet platforms, methods of creating behavioral rules, and specificity of identities presented on the Internet. Methodological foundation is Niklas Luhmann’s concept of social systems and methodology of case study that allows analyzing functionality of the Internet communication platforms. The main conclusion of the conducted research consists in possibility of structuring the typology of the Internet communication platforms based on consideration of the production mechanism and functioning of communication rules on the platforms, and mechanism of formation and presentation of identity. The four types of communication platforms are determined: 1) high level of the rigidity of formal rules, strict binding of virtual identities to the offline; 2) low level of the rigidity of formal rules; fairly strict binding of virtual identities to the offline; 3) low level of the rigidity of formal rules; moderate binding of virtual identities to the offline; 4) high level of the rigidity of formal rules, moderate binding of virtual identities to the offline. Communication platforms of the 1st, 2nd and 4th types are tied to the offline reality, and thus manifest as its addition. Communication platform of 3rd type stands against the offline reality and may enter into a conflict with the latter, which can lead to degradation of personality.