Abstract: The subject of this research is the online and offline mechanisms of sociopolitical mobilization of youth, namely digital grouping and formation of digital communities, as well as the opposition-mobilization model of information distribution developed by E. V. Brodovskaya and A. Y. Dombrovskaya. This model was tested on the open statistical databases provided by “Telegram Analytics” and “Google Trends”, which revealed the key patterns and differences in the protest events that unfolded in Moscow (July 14 – September 29, 2019), Minsk (August 9 – November 19, 2020), and Hong Kong (June 12, 2019 – July 1, 2020). The novelty of this research lies in the following: 1) application of the model of information distribution developed by E. V. Brodovskaya and A. Y. Dombrovskaya to the data array obtained by the author from the statistical database of “Telegram Analytics” and “Google Trends” regarding the protest events in Moscow, Minsk, and Hong Kong; compilation of weekly charts of the activity of protest Telegram channels and building histograms based on them, with visualization of their peak mentioning in other Telegram channels during the indicated periods. The author formulates recommendations on how to avoid the escalation of conflict during protest actions, taking into account mobilization mechanisms on the basis of Telegram channels.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the advanced technological solutions associated with the transition from digital to neuro-communication technologies in the sphere of public administration. The author explores the current stage of development of the NeuroNet, which is the new-generation information and communication network, which promotes the transition from the data-centrism of digital government towards the intelligence-centrism of neuro-digital public administration. The article also considers the possibility of connecting brain-computer interfaces in the sphere of interpersonal communication, contributing to the formation of neurocognitive level of mass communication, neuro-digital interaction between the government authorities and the citizens. At the same time, one of the crucial aspects of the neuro-communicative environment is the digital equivalents of a human, the Internet of things and objects of material infrastructure, which e shift the management processes to the sphere of virtual and augmented reality. The novelty of the this work consists in disclosure of the applied aspects of implementation of quantum communications in digital infrastructure of public administration, which ensure secure interdepartmental document flow, as well as dialogue with citizens, including on the level of neuro-communications, and allow effectively counteracting quantum hacking. Digital sensorics and technical bionics, combining the capabilities of control of unmanned transport vehicles and robotics, significantly impacting the development of a “smart city” based on the big data and predictive analytics, and reflecting the neural network structure of the digital state, make a considerable contribution to the scientific novelty of this research, and simultaneously actualize the aspect of neuro-communication as personal biodata and biosafety.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the institutional, organizational and technical peculiarities of the functionality of the system of incident management as a digital toolset for the response of the Russian public authority institutions to destructive and deviant newsworthy occurrences in social networks, instant messengers and online platforms aimed at youth as most active digital citizens. The goal of this article lies in characterizing the current digital situation in Russia, and test the work of the incident management system from perspective of timely determination and processing by the institutional agencies of fake messages aimed or online posts that call to action aimed at young audience for the period from 2012 to 2021. The novelty consists in determining the total number of appeals or complains submitted by the citizens regarding the measures or complacence of the authorities, which have been processed by the incident management system of each of the 85 Regional Management Centers for 2021, as well as in using digital toolset of the incident management system applicable to the data array of the social networks, instant messengers and online platforms (messages that call minors to participate in unauthorized rallies) and deviant newsworthy occurrences (fake sociopolitical posts in social networks and instant messengers), and time interval of their processing by the institutional agencies.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the technologies of augmented reality that allow increasing the efficiency of public administration. The author examines the concept of augmented reality and its differences from virtual reality, as well as peculiarities of functionality and ways of creating augmented reality (marker-based, markerless, projection, and odometric). One of the essential aspect of the subject of research is the innovation management mechanisms on the basis of augmented reality, including digital office on rendering public services, digital profiles and government officials, digital documents, automated workplace for a government official. Research methodology includes administrative and analytical methods revealing the specificities of implementation of augmented reality in the sphere of public administration. The novelty of this research consists in integration of the management and technical capabilities of augmented reality within the framework of digital public administration – ranging from interaction of citizens with voice assistants, work with digital documents, visualization of large volumes of data, training of government officials to ensuring public and cyber security, designing and managing infrastructure projects.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the robotic process automation (RPA) technologies that allow increasing the effectiveness of public administration based on implementation of programmed robots. The author examines the main requirements to automation of the state administrative processes, technical capacity and constraints of RPA in relation to information systems. The article describes the applications processing model of the users of multifun0ctional centers involving RPA and the model of implementation of RPA solutions into the process of rendering public services; as well as highlights the key peculiarities of gradual transition towards RPA in the area of public administration. The scientific novelty consists in integration of capabilities of RPA, DPA (digitalization of automated processes), aimed at “seamless” incorporation of public administration into the data ecosystem based on the low-code-platform, development of artificial intelligence, and emergence of digital employees responsible for the high-level state decision-making.

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the question of implementation of artificial intelligence technologies for improving public administration. Leaning on the Russian and foreign experience, the author analyzes the practice of application of artificial intelligence technologies in public administration and other sectors, considering their specificity: the use of artificial intelligence in the field of digitalization of government mechanism, their capabilities in the sphere of digital security, financial sector, healthcare and education, transport management, traffic and migration flows. Research methodology includes the analytical and comparative methods that reveals the peculiarities of artificial intelligence technologies in public administration. The scientific novelty of this work lies in systematization of capabilities of artificial intelligence technologies, including proactive services, digital security systems,  financial analysis (iPavlov, DeepReply), smart systems in healthcare sphere (Watson, Botkin.AI), adaptive learning (Coursera) and proctoring, driverless transportation (Didi Chuxing and Uber), and migration management.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the big data as a combination of modern techniques of working with the extensive database forming in various spheres of social life – from security to online education and healthcare. The authors carefully examine the applied peculiarities of big data presented in the reports of consulting companies McKinsey and Gartner, data accessibility ranking Open Data Barometer, as well as the Russian practice of government regulation of personal data. An essential aspect of the subject of research is the integration of big data sets at the interface of wireless networks, cloud computing, M2M communication, which contribute to improving practice governing a modern state, increase efficiency of city services on the example of “smart city”, as well as promote more rational resource management. The scientific novelty is defined by the fact that using a wide variety of empirical sources, the authors examine the innovative techniques of big data implementation with regards to state governing, including the sphere of security, protection from emergency situations, education, healthcare, transportation, as well as financial and budgetary sphere.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the evolution of state administration, since the period of the new public management (1990’s – early 2000’s) until the era of digital management (early 2000’s to the present). An important component of the subject of this research is the practice of implementation of the open data to the practice state administration since the late 2000’s, which leans on the increasing number of government datasets, cloud processing technologies and production sharing, using the civic activists networks, web-based applications “mash-ups”  and crowdsourcing. The object of this research is the state administration as the activity of bureaucratic structures, associated with rendering of public services and execution of managerial functions and powers in the conditions of rapid implementation of modern information communication technologies. The scientific novelty consists in description of the key peculiarities of shifting towards the second wave digital management on the example of open data, which are founded on the digital platform, cloud computing, social networks, various web applications and Web 3.0 generation digital technologies.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the digital governance model that replace the Weber model, model of “progressive era”, and model of the new public management. The important components of the subject is the following: 1) open data that represent the numerous set of government data, technologies of their cloud processing, as well as distributed production involving the network of civic activists, use of the advantages of web-based applications “mash-ups” and crowdsourcing platforms; 2) big data as a combination of the modern methods of work with the volume database forming in the various spheres of social life – from security to online education and healthcare. Research methodology includes the historical and analytical methods that reveal the technological features of shifting towards the practice of digital governance. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that based on examination of the modern empirical sources and foreign experience, the authors analyze the innovative practices of introducing the digital governance model in public administration, including the implementation of open data into the production of government services, use of the new digital platforms and Internet-based applications, as well as big data, including the spheres of security and protection from emergency sitututations, education, healthcare, transport and budget.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the public sphere of modern society, as well as the modern information and communication technologies based on the Internet. The authors carefully examine the evolution of Internets as a vector of overcoming the deficit of public and modern democratic practice; as well as analyze the “powerful” deliberative model of democratic policy, views of the New Left upon the decentralized democracy, position of the communitarians who advocate the need of the advancement of media as an instrument of ensuring citizens’ access and participation in public sphere, as well as the critical attitude of cyber-libertarians with regards to government initiatives on cyberspace control (on the example of Singapore and China). The research methodology leans on historical, comparative and analytical methods that reveal the main peculiarities of transformation of the public sphere affected by the modern Internet environment. The scientific novelty lies in examination of limitations and capabilities of the corporate and government control over the public sphere of the Internet; peculiarities of development of the open-source software, modern Internet technologies, work of the civil activists and public organizations that support democratic practice in terms of the growing monitoring potential of the network.

Abstract: The subject of the research is the public discourse as the factor of efficient implementation of Russia's public policy viewed on the basis of its institutional basis, and the development of the Eurasian Economic union and European union. The public discourse of the Eurasian regionalism is viewed by the author of the article from the point of view of the development of state authority's legitimacy, the latter being created as a result of different political approaches and defined by national and regional identity of a state. The national and regional identity of the state is created is in relation to the 'others', i.e. the main foreign partners. The methodology of the research includes historical method, content analysis, functional and non-functional approaches to integration. The main conclusions of the research are the following: - a state needs a public discourse to define significant 'others' and its national interests which raises the efficiency of public policty; - efficient public discourse allows to achieve international recognition of state's interests and letitimacy of its political system; - the fact that the European Union is not ready for equal interaction with the Eurasian Economic union in the space of public discourse means that the public discourse of the EU and its identifiction of significant 'others' bear an exclusive nature; - public discourse of Eurasian Economic Union member states is in still developing and includes unstable representations of Russia and the EU as significant 'others'. 

Abstract: The subject of this research is the digital public sphere, decentralized architecture of which in the early XXI century mediates the interaction between the state, corporations, and separate Internet users. The network neutrality of the first years of Internet existence as the foundation of public sphere in digital era experiences the challenges to of filtration and censuring of the Internet content, associated with the strengthening of the state information policy, as well as corporate strategies of adjustment of the tools of Internet control to the requirements of national legislation. Methodology of the research includes the historical and analytical methods that allow tracing the specificities of establishment and methods of control over the digital public sphere. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that leaning of examination of the modern empirical sources and foreign experience, the author analyzes the control methods over the digital public sphere, developed at the junction of the state and corporate interests, requirements of the national legislation, and principles of corporate development, which acquire special relevance on the background of expansion of the Internet culture and actualization of the questions of Internet responsibility and protection of the intellectual rights.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the algorithms of search engines and social networks that underlie the establishment of communication space of the digital public sphere. An important element of the subject of research is the practice of implementation of algorithms for personalizing the flows of search and news information tailored profile of a specific user that depends on the universal information platforms (Google, Facebook, Twitter and others), which due to the latent algorithmic mechanisms allow realizing the political-administrative and corporate control in the Internet. Particular attention is paid to the manipulative potential of the algorithms, integrated into the information platforms of new media and affecting the social interactions between the users alongside their political preferences. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that based on consideration of the contemporary sources, the author researched the innovative practices of algorithms application, including generation of the natural language, practice of “robo-journalism”, and implementation of robots for scanning and producing the information message, as well as impact upon the results of political elections and social interactions.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the digital management model that replaced the preceding Weber’s model, “progressive era” model, and new public management model. Within the framework of the indicated model, the author reviews the peculiarities of implementation of the digital technologies into the practice of public administration abroad and modern Russia. Using the example of information platforms and mobile applications, the author highlights the benefits of the digital management model, associated with the reduction in economic costs in realization of administrative operations, practice of “repeated use” of the set of government data, increase of transparency of the work of the authorities, improve of the quality of rendering public services, as well as underlines the need for protecting personal data of the citizens and digital sovereignty of the state. Methodology of the study includes the historical and analytical methods that allow tracing the history of evolution of the public administration models, a well as determine the key peculiarities of the digital management model in the digital era. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that based on examination of the contemporary empirical sources and foreign experience, were explored the innovation practices of application of the digital management model in public administration, including the implementation of the open data, open information platforms and mobile applications, crowdsourcing in rendering the public services. 

Abstract: The subject of this research is the civil society in the conditions of development of the information and communication technologies, which displace the traditional forms of social interaction in public sphere. The author thoroughly examines such aspects of the topic as the peculiarities of establishment of the virtual public sphere that allows indicating the ways of solving the crisis of limited publicity and weakness of civil society. Special attention is given to activity of the largest Internet corporations that create the alternative space foe publicity and participation, commercialize and privatize the virtual private sphere, as well as movements of the Internet users and nonprofit organizations asserting the citizens’ rights on the web platform. An important aspect of the subject of research is the scenario of creating technology that controls publicity and civil participation with the help of information technologies. The scientific novelty consists in examination of the development peculiarities of the virtual public sphere, the realm of which is substantiated by the algorithmic codes of Internet corporations (Google, Baidu, Yandex) that design technologies of reference arrangement, actions of nonprofit organization on advancing the open public licenses (Creative Commons), and civil Internet activism.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the corporate citizenship as a new form of social partnership between government and business in public sphere. Special attention is given to the principles and norms of the activity of “corporate citizen” that takes not only the socioeconomic responsibility pertinent to society and territory of the country in the context of his activity, but also the more extensive sociopolitical responsibility that touches upon the entire range of problems faced by the government and society. The article also considers the question about the practice of establishment of corporate citizenship in modern Russian, issues and prospects of the transition from government control over corporate social responsibility towards the more multifaceted landscape of administration, corporate self-control, socially responsible investment, adherence to the ethical and international norms of corporate citizenship. Methodology of the research includes the historical method, expert evaluations and polls, analytical reports. The scientific novelty consists in comparative analysis of the foreign practice of corporate social responsibility and corporate citizenship, as well as examination of the problems and prospects of establishment of the corporate citizenship in modern Russian considering the peculiarities of its historical development, necessity for the existence of paternalistic model of social security and interaction with the nongovernmental organizations, practice of socioeconomic partnerships and agreements with the regional authorities and business, as well as regional strategy of long-term socioeconomic development.  

Abstract: The subject of this research is the peculiarities of historical evolution of civil society within public space of the political regime; impact of the new media upon the expansion of political participation and establishment of the electronic civil society that intensifies the external and internal challenges of destabilization with regards to the hybrid political regimes worldwide; development problems of the electronic civil society in Russia as a factor of activation and institutionalization of the public political participation (on the example of electoral cycle of 2011-2012). Methodology of the work contains the application of historical and comparative methods, analysis of statistical and expert data with further graphic comparison. The scientific novelty consists in development of the theoretical model of establishment of civil society and hybrid political regime that allows evaluating the possible conflict between the diverse elements of political system, caused by the increased potential of new media in the area of mass political mobilization.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the public values as one of the key elements of public administration, which allows developing manageability and competitiveness of the public institutions of a modern state. Public values are viewed as an important factor of intensification of legitimacy and support of the acting political power, as well as increasing of the efficiency of administrative apparatus and strengthening of social unity. The examines in the article theoretical models of public administration allow tracing the evolution of approaches towards the study of public values in foreign literature: from basic models – “strategic triangle” of M. Moore, environmental model of T. Jorgensen and B. Bozeman – to synthetic model of E. Weizman that integrates public values into the decision-making process in public sphere, contributing into improvement of the effectiveness of public administration. Methodology of the research includes a group of scientific methods: modelling, formalization, and comparison. The scientific novelty consists in comparative analysis of the models of public administration in foreign literature: 1) M. Moore’s model of strategic triangle, manifesting as a tool for evaluating the efficiency and productivity of the work of administrative apparatus of a state; 2) environmental model of T. Jorgensen and B. Bozeman that considers public values in the more extensive context of functionality of the political, administrative, public, and individual actors of public sphere; 3) dynamic model of E. Weizman that unites the administrative and environmental factors of formation of the public values.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the public sphere in theory and practice of public administration from the era of Medieval Times until the present stage. Differentiation of public sphere is viewed based on the evolution of the institution of monarchy within the process of bourgeois-democratic transformations in Europe and the United States, transition from the concept of feudal-estate representation of authority towards the bourgeois-democratic concept, development of religious freedom, and separation church and state. The analysis of classical liberal model of public sphere, as well as public sphere under the circumstances of establishment of the welfare state in the XX century allows revealing the role and meaning of mass media in advancement of publicity of the social and state actors. Methodology of this work includes the application of historical and logical methods, which based on studying of the theory and practice of public administration, are able to trace the establishment of public sphere and mark its key elements and interrelation between them. The main conclusions of the conducted research lie in the following positions: the public sphere in many aspects depends on the representation of authority in the context of informatization of public administration, as well as development of mass media under the conditions of mass democracy; state authority takes on the role of coordination of public space and public policy; takes place the consolidation of public authority within the network public space; overcoming the “re-feudalization” of public sphere is possible based on the achieving by the state and society of the new political compromises; public actors need to receive constant support from society under the circumstances of crisis of the publicity.

Abstract:  
The subject of this research is the new media as a combination of information communication platforms, instrument of public policy and sociopolitical transformation of public space of the Arab Spring nations. New media within the space of public policy allow the digerati, professional revolutionists and their supporters efficiently coordinating the actions of participants of the protest, as well as share experience with their “colleagues” from other Arab countries. The subject of this work also includes the analysis of socioeconomic causes and circumstances for development of Arab Spring, its information motives and events intensified by such platforms as Twitter, Facebook, etc., and unfolding in limited time interval in one or another country, as well as encouraging the drastic transformation of the political regimes Tunis, Egypt, Libya, Yemen, and a number of other countries. The scientific novelty consists in examination of the role and importance of the new media and its platforms (Twitter, Facebook, and others) over the course of the Arab Spring, as well as analysis of Web 2.0-3.0 technologies and their contribution into the integration of online space and public sociopolitical space of the Arab countries. The element of novelty became the comprehensive research of such peculiarities of the Arab State prior to the revolutionary events as the qualitative characteristics of public administration alongside the value, demographic, economic, military, and information indexes of the Arab Spring states.
 

Abstract: The subject of this research is the electronic government and its arriving replacement the digital government, which technologies are aimed at full digitalization of government mechanisms, rendering of public services using the shared infrastructure. Special attention is given to the problems of transition to digital government in the Russian Federation, including the overcoming of interdepartmental disunity in application of digital technologies, increasing transparency of government mechanisms, and their orientation towards the end user. The scientific novelty consists in determination of the innovation practices of establishment of the digital government, including integration of digital platforms of the various departments, implementation of cloud technologies of data exchange and processing, creation of the state cloud infrastructure and development of the government applications of shared use for rendering and optimization of the new digital services.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the “e-government”, theory and practice of its implementation in different countries, including Russia wherein, based on realization of the federal target program “Electronic Russia”, have been established the State automated system “Administration”, Multifunctional centers of provision of public and municipal services, Centers of public access to information of the federal executive authorities, Common Government Services Portal (functions). An important aspect of the examined topic is the analysis of such elements as “e-government”, “e-parliament”, and “e-justice”, as well as the main difficulties and prospects of their introduction into public administration. The author’s main contribution consists in the comprehensive study of theory and practice of implementation of “e-government” into public administration system of the modern Russia, as well as the analysis of the international experience of realization of “e-government”, “e-parliament”, and “e-justice” that can be adjusted to the Russian circumstances.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the “e-government”, theory and practice of its implementation in different countries, including Russia wherein, based on realization of the federal target program “Electronic Russia”, have been established the State automated system “Administration”, Multifunctional centers of provision of public and municipal services, Centers of public access to information of the federal executive authorities, Common Government Services Portal (functions). An important aspect of the examined topic is the analysis of such elements as “e-government”, “e-parliament”, and “e-justice”, as well as the main difficulties and prospects of their introduction into public administration. The author’s main contribution consists in the comprehensive study of theory and practice of implementation of “e-government” into public administration system of the modern Russia, as well as the analysis of the international experience of realization of “e-government”, “e-parliament”, and “e-justice” that can be adjusted to the Russian circumstances.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the contemporary mechanisms and techniques of political communication as the process and structure of information exchange between the key political actors in the state administration of Russia. The article examines such mechanisms of political communication as: 1) mechanism of long-term and trustworthy communication between the bodies of government authority and society; 2) mechanism of political communication on the central, regional, and local levels of making state decisions; 3) mechanism of electronic government communication; 4) mechanism of electronic political participation in state administration. Within the framework of the highlighted mechanisms, the author reviews such the electronic techniques of political communication in state administration, which transform the nature of communication between the government, mass media, and society. The scientific novelty consists in consideration of the modern models of e-democracy and its techniques (electronic petitions and consultations, involvement into the conducted political course, public diplomacy, increase of transparency of the government activity, overcome of the digital gap), as well as in the mechanism of political communication on the central, regional, and local levels of making state decisions, models of e-government, and peculiarities of electronic political participation.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the process of transformation of e-government in the modern world, as well as the examination of its stages – transforming, electronic, and universal government. At the same time, mGovernment is reviewed as an element of development of electronic and universal government and is referred to both: in the first case as technique, and in the second case as strategy that activates the establishment of universal society. On the example of the Republic of Korea the author illustrates the peculiarities and problems of the use of information technologies in the process of formation of the universal government and universal society.  Scientific novelty consists in the gradual examination of the key stages in the establishment of e-government – transforming, electronic, and universal government; and on the example of the Republic of Korea the main peculiarities and challenges faced by this process, are being demonstrated. The novelty also includes the analysis of electronic tools of mGovernment and universal government.

Abstract: In the beginning of the XXI century within the competitive realm of world politics, we could observe a clash between the concepts of various states on construction of the international transportation corridors in Eurasia on the historical space of the Great Silk Road, its land and sea components. The main rivals in this process are China (the concept of Great Silk Road, United States (the concept of New Silk Road), Russia (Eurasian Economic Union, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, transit geopolitical location), European Union (Pan-European corridors, VIKING, INOGATE), Turkey, Kazakhstan, India, and others. The scientific novelty consists in the following: determination of the main peculiarities of the Great Silk Road historical space, and its land and international sea transportation corridors; examination of the competitive concepts of various countries on the restoration of the Great Silk Road; analysis of the place and role of Russia in the process of construction of the Great Silk Road.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the development of e-government and the experience in creating the international indexes that evaluate the progress in the area of establishing the information society (Index of readiness of the UN e-government, Index of network readiness of the World Economic Forum, Index of development of the information and communication technologies of the International Telecommunication Union). The article analyzes the international and Russian experience of implementation of e-government, types of the applied electronic communications (intergovernmental, between government and business, and between government and citizens), stages of its establishment (transforming, electronic, and ubiquitous government). The major vectors of the successful realization of e-government, including the elements of the U-government construction strategy on the example of the Republic of Korea are being determined. Methodology of this research includes the use of the methods of theoretical analysis of the e-government and information society, carrying out the legal analysis of the government initiatives in the area of introduction of e-government, as well as the implementation of the applied methods in evaluation of the e-government indexes, types of electronic communications and peculiarities of establishment of the ubiquitous government. The scientific novelty consists of the conducted research consists in the comprehensive examination of e-government with the use of international indexes and its main stages.

Abstract:  
The author of the article thoroughly examines the electronic participation within the framework of realization of the e-government concept as a new paradigm of the government administration. Electronic participation is viewed through the prism of attained by people large quantity of digital skills, access to the relevant government information, participation in the government decision-making and online procedures of participation in the public life. The article, based on the example of the European Union, determines the main obstacles on the way of increasing the e-participation, starting with the wrong priorities in the development on the information-communicative technologies, insufficient information openness, and ending with the sociocultural and organizational barriers. For the purpose of overcoming these obstacles, the author demonstrates a new model of participation, which is developed based on the experience of e-participation in the EU (dynamic model of e-participation), as well as analyzes the peculiarities of motivation of the electronic participation. Scientific novelty consists in the systemic examination of the new model of e-participation (A Domain Model for e-Participation) and its elements, such as interested parties, process of participation and instruments of e-participation, which affect the successful implementation and improvement of the e-participation.
 

Abstract:
The subject of this research is the socio-political ideals of the Soviet literature during the period of 1953-1991, particularly the representatives of the “country prose” in the literature. The object is the history of development of the Soviet literature starting with the very first post-Stalin publications of Ilya Ehrenburg, Fyodor Abramov, Vladimir Pomerantsev, and finishing with the works of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Vladimir Nabokov, Mikhail Bulgakov, Anna Akhmatova, and others. The analysis of the “country prose” allowed us to thoroughly examine the process of revision of the principles of socialist realism and rebirth of the “timeless values” within the literature that affected the Soviet political atmosphere. The scientific novelty consists in the comparative and historical analysis of the various directions in the Soviet literature, including the “country”, “urban”, and “military” prose, which allows speaking of waves of continuity and intermittence of the Soviet and Russian literature tradition, and their important contribution into the process of political transformation of the Soviet society and government.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the evolution of socio-political ideals in the Soviet literature during the period of 1970-1980 within the framework of the national vector, strengthened by the crisis of the imperial ideology, and etatization of the Soviet culture. The national dimension of socio-political ideals includes in itself both, the image of Russian people (on the example of village community, religious community, national culture, and perception from the “significant others”), as well as the legitimatization of the Russian state in its “white” and “red” versions. The following conclusions are made in the course of this research: national vector of evolution of the socio-political ideals had a dual orientation, reflecting the state as well as public demand for national development; representatives of the Soviet literature made a significant contribution into the creation of the “imagined community”, concentrated on the past and the present of the Russian people. The novelty factors of the conducted research include the comprehensive study of the Soviet literary works of the 1970’s-1980’s with highlights of the national vector and its elements.

Abstract: The subject of this work is the peculiarities of the political debates within the Soviet literature of the 1960-1980’s. The object of the research is the “reformers” and the “conservators” of the literary segment, who established on the pages of the journals “New World” and “October” the key topics of the political debates: overcome of the “cult of personality”; relations with the West, corruption; political and economic difficulties in construction of socialism, crisis of the socialistic realism; revitalization of national character and Russian culture under the conditions of infiltration by the Western elements; and also the role of Christianity in the Soviet society. In the course of this work, the author conducted a comparative analysis of the Soviet literary sources (including the journals “New World” and October”), historical monographs, and other Soviet and foreign scientific journals. In the conclusion it is stated that these political debates contributed into the formation of the new ideological and theoretical directions, which served as the foundation of the modern Russian culture.  

Abstract: The questions related to the interaction between China and other countries as part of foreign policy relations and, first of all, the USA, are considered. The author believes that China’s foreign-policy strategy is a complex and multi-level phenomenon which consists of the global, national and intra-national levels, on each of which certain typical of China determinants are in action. The authors acknowledges that China, while actively building up its aggregate national power, in its foreign-policy strategy is objectively starting to lean, to a greater extent, on the determinants of the global level seeking to transform the modern architecture of international relations to fit with its interests by making such architecture more multi-polar. The research methodology includes using the multi-tier approach within the theory of international relations, the works of neoclassical realism which focus on the determinants of the intra-national level during the development of the country’s foreign policy. The scientific novelty of the article is in the introduction into scientific use and application of the theoretical works of neoclassical realism, integration of the determinants of the global, national and intra-national levels hen explaining the formation of the foreign-policy strategy, analyzing China’s foreign-policy strategy using the tools provided by neoclassical realism and the theory of foreign-policy analysis.