Abstract: The subject of this research is the role of the fascist Italy in Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) reflected on the pages of Soviet periodicals of the time. This conflict became the first military clash between USSR and Italy, which resulted in the rapid deterioration of relations between the two stats. The goal of this work lies in studying the key methods applied by the Russian journalists and publicists for describing the indicated events in the context of Soviet-Italian relation and international status of USSR and Italy overall. The author used the historical method, text analysis, methods of scientific generalization, various newspaper and journal publications of the period at hand introduced into the scientific discourse for the first time, as well as works of the contemporary historians and specialists of international relations. Conclusion is made that the confrontation between USSR and Italy within the framework of Spanish conflict forced the Soviet press to strong criticism of the Italian fascism and militarism, however such campaign had certain peculiarities.