Abstract: The article explores the main aspects of relationship between Syria and the key countries of the Persian Gulf. The author analyzes the role of the Persian Gulf countries in the Syrian crisis, as well as the reasons for participation of these countries in the civil war in the territory of the Syrian Arab Republic. Along with the description of current development of the military conflict in the area, the article presents the background and elicits interests of the Persian Gulf countries in the current situation evolving around Syria. The article presents an analysis of geopolitical interests of the Persian Gulf countries in the context of the Syrian crisis. In his work the author relied on the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity, reliability and comparative approach. The conducted research allowed us to identify and analyse the geopolitical factors affecting the nature of relations between Syria and the Persian Gulf countries. The author studied the history of Syria's cooperation with the Persian Gulf countries during the transformation of internal and foreign policies of the Middle East. The conclusions made by the author have not been previously published in Russian historiography.