Abstract: The subject of the research is the operation process of the rotor of a tilling and separating machine which changes the structure and solidity of the cultivated soil layer according to the agricultural requirements. The author considers the design of the blade of the rotor of a tilling and separating machine. The research object is the blade of the rotor whose form allows it to rotate with a minimum expenditure of energy. The topicality of the research is determined by the fact that the theoretically justified design of the blade of the rotor of a tilling and separating machine will help improve the methods of secondary tillage aimed at the improvement of its agrotechnical characteristics with a minimum expenditure of energy. To define the value of a relative speed of a soil element movement along the blade, the author derives an equation using the method described in P.M. Vasilenko’s theory of soil particles movement along rough surfaces, but the author considers soil particles movement along the blade. The article is based on theoretical research using mechanical and mathematical modeling of working tools interaction with soil. The initial data was collected via the analysis of literary sources. The author substantiates the design of the blade of the rotor of a tilling and separating machine which guarantees its rotation with a minimum expenditure of energy owing to the lesser dispersion of soil particles and the prevention of their building-up on the separating grill. The research results can be used by constructors and specialists developing tillage tools.

Abstract: The authors consider the procedure of building mathematical models of stability of mechanical systems functioning as described in Lyapunov theory used for solving the tasks of agricultural mechanics. The authors describe the results of agricultural machines operation analysis. The authors build the dependencies which can help define soil pulverization angle for various tillage depths based on the given parameters. These dependencies help define the parameters of dynamical systems reducing their energy consumption, improving qualitative indicators and creating the conditions for equipment performance improvement. The described model of the physical essence of wedge-soil interaction process is widely used for solving various tasks of justification the parameters of tilling mechanisms. However, the physical essence of processes occurring in the tilled soil layer under the influence of a wedge has not been studied sufficiently enough. When using any stability theory, it is important to define ultimate strain values causing material deformations leading to the destruction of the initial structure. Ultimate stress values can be easily defined by experiment only for stretching strain and compressional strain. Consequently, to define the strains occurring in soil under the influence of wedge, we can accept a hypothesis that a tilled soil layer splits away from the elastic mass by bending.
 

Abstract: The subject of the study is the ways to increase the efficiency of transport vehicle and traction vehicle with dual wheels in different modes of operation (transport, working, traction). The object of the study is the system of twin wheels with the ability to adjust the area of contact with the soil for operation in different operating modes. The state of the soil in the process of its re-consolidation by the running part of mobile agricultural machinery clearly indicates a close correlation between the change in the mechanical, technological, biological, chemical, morphological properties and economic indicators of the soil state, and, consequently, the level of environmental safety of used mobile agricultural machinery, including the composition of soil cultivating units. The research methodology is based on analysis and synthesis, generalization of practical experience, graphic representation of the information received. The urgency of the study is determined by the need to ensure environmental safety, soil conservation, increase the fertility of agricultural land in the modern world. The scientific novelty is that the use of dual wheel systems with the ability to adjust the contact area with the soil for operation in different operating modes will make it possible to abandon the use of expensive caterpillar thrusters.

Abstract: The research object is the process of functioning of the excavating parts of a cultivating separating ripper, which transforms the structure and the density of a soil layer in accordance with the requirements of agronomical science for the cultivated crop. This result is achieved using the coordinated interaction of passive and active excavating parts. The machine also combs out the weed. The author considers the plowshare with steering disks, which spends less energy when moving through soil and directs soil to the separator. Theoretical researches are based on mechanical and mathematical modeling of interaction of the moving parts with soil. Experimental researches are based on the sectoral methods using strain-gage instruments and the methods of multifactor experiments planning. In the result, the process of soil cultivation using disk cultivating parts has been improved, the theory of justification of the parameters of active-passive cultivating parts for the separation and pulverization of soil and been developed; the mathematic model of interaction of cultivating parts with soil with account of energy intensity rates of technological processes has been composed. The use of methods of direct variational calculation for the justification of shapes of cultivating parts of a cultivating separating ripper helps reduce energy consumption by 10-30%. 

Abstract: The research subject is the process of movement of soil along the plowshare of a cultivating separating ripper – a stratification machine. The article contains particular constructive features of the implements used for cutting and elevating soil, quality and energy indexes of their operation. The author defines the estimation criteria for the development of a relatively new solution to the problem of secondary tillage effectiveness. The author describes the technological process of operation of a cultivating separating ripper with additional leading passive plane rotary disks, which ensure appropriate movement of soil along the shovel at the cultivation depth of 3-12 cm. The author considers in theory and analyzes the impact of some constructive factors on quality indexes of the implements used for soil cutting and elevating. The scientific novelty consists in usage of parallel free-rotating plane disks together with the plowshare at the same time. The author acquires the values of angle of soil friction and elevation by the plowshare giving the minimum resistance of the plowshare. In the result, the mechanical elevation and movement of soil along the plowshare of a cultivating separating ripper doesn’t give a building up effect and requires minimum energy.