Abstract: The object of research is the process of choosing the optimal hardware architecture for organizing resource-intensive computing. The subject of the research is the process of solving optimization problems by genetic algorithms on GPU and CPU architectures. The influence of the choice of hardware architecture on the process of solving the optimization problem is shown: the absolute and relative dependences of the slowdown of the computing process, when choosing an irrational hardware architecture, on the number of individuals processed by the algorithm are determined. It is established that for the considered problem, the boundary of the most efficient hardware configuration can be in the range from 1000 to 5000 individuals. For this reason, it is advisable to describe the blurring of the boundary of an effective hardware configuration as a set of pairs “number of individuals — membership in a transition”. The research method is based on an analysis of the results of a computational experiment. The purpose of the experiment is to determine the dependencies of the runtime of the genetic algorithm on the GPU and CPU architectures on the number of individuals generated (chromosomes). The dependences of the minimum and maximum time of the genetic algorithm running on the GPU and CPU on the number of individuals are compared. It is shown that when solving the considered problem, the minimum and maximum time dependences of the algorithm performed on the GPU are close to a linear function; the minimum time dependences of the algorithm performed on CPU are close to a linear function, and the maximum to polynomial.