Abstract: The research subject is the topical issues of sovereignty and national self-determination in Spain in autonomous communities of Catalonia and the Basque Country in the context of globalization. Globalization is the catalyst of various processes, which sometimes oppose each other. Such are the processes of “the erosion of sovereignty” on the one hand, and the aspiration of some states to strengthen their sovereignty and avoid the influence of the processes, which endanger this sovereignty. This problem is urgent for many countries, for example, for Spain. This problem has aggravated due to the active position of political forces of Catalonia on this issue and the referendum on sovereignty of this region. The author uses the methods of indirect and instrumental monitoring. It is based on the information acquired from various printed and electronic sources. The author also uses the method of analysis of documents and comparative analysis. Besides, the author uses the method of direct observation: the author interviews foreign scholars of the problem in the Basque Country (the University of the Basque Country) and Spain (the Complutense University of Madrid). The author concludes that the globalization processes have significant impact on the transformation of the traditional understanding of sovereignty. This process is especially visible in the context of political and economic development of the European Union. This is one of the factors of the aggravation of the problem of the Basques and the Catalans in Spain. The structure of this problem is being complicated due to the above mentioned transformation. Besides, the author concludes that the main feature of the modern struggle for self-determination for both the Basques and the Catalans is the transition from armed methods of struggle to political struggle. Therefore, such organizations as ETA are unlikely to appear in the future. The struggle will be held in the scope of the leading political forces of the regions, the state and the European Union.