Abstract: The research subject of this article is the analysis of the establishment process of the Polish Orthodox Church and the role of Renovationism in it. Using previously unpublished archival materials, the author creates a picture of the development of church relations in Poland in the context of the concurrent historical situation. From the point of view of the Polish government, to accept Renovationism meant to allow the influence of Soviet Russia, of communist ideas, and of the "export of revolution" in religious packaging. As a consequence, Renovationism was unacceptable to Poland in both the church-canonical and political aspects. In turn, this created a general ideological platform for Polish authorities and the Orthodox episcopate. This research is based on a series of scientific methods, among them – historical, institutional, systematic, and comparative methods of scientific analysis. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that the examined scientific-historical topic reveals a new understanding of the political circumstances in the establishment of the Polish Orthodox Church, under which Renovationism could not penetrate into Poland from Russia due to the territorial and cultural detachment of Poland, the existence of ties between the Orthodox episcopate and pre-Revolutionary church traditions, the unity of Polish authorities and higher clergy in understanding the necessity of building positive relations, and as a consequence when the Polish Orthodox Church received the autocephaly it thus completely closed off all possibilities of the Renovationism movement in Polish lands. The author's particular contribution to this topic is his conclusion, based on new and previously unknown to the scientific community documental testimonies, that the Renovationism schism was not of an ideological religious nature, but rather of a practical and political nature, because without the support of the government authorities its realization could not have been possible.