Abstract: This article is dedicated to examination of the impact of political culture and political traditions upon the character, fate and consequences of liberal reforms in Russia. Using the historical examples, the author demonstrated that none of the conducted liberal reforms in Russia, including the reforms of the late XX century, did not reach the set tasks, as well as each attempt of liberal modification subsequently led the country to departure from the initial goals and conservative renaissance. It is noted that at every stage of the Russian history, liberal projects came into contradiction with the traditional structure and traditional values of political culture of the society and government, which were far away from the liberal values of Western countries. The author questions whether or not Russia can align the liberal reforms with the genetics of political culture, and do the Russian political traditions allow the country to follow the path of sustainable democratic development. A conclusion is made that conservatism of the modern Russian society along with consolidation in mass consciousness of the values of order, stability and ideas of traditionalism, in a political-cultural aspect is a fairly expected result of the reforms of the late XX century. The author believes that preservation of the traditional foundations of the political culture of Russian citizens is defined not only by the political-cultural genetics, but also depends on the economic, situational and true goals of the government, which is the key subject and guarantor of the reforms in Russia.