Abstract: The object of this research is the fish farming of the Russian Federation as a basic source of resource provision of its food market. The subject is the combination of socioeconomic relations of the actors of fish farming activity and society in the area of ensuring food security. The authors meticulously examine the impact of the Russian fish farming upon the national food security within the framework of system, multicomponent approach leaning on the fish farming inventory indexes (production volume, bioresource potential, anthropogenic threats), availability of fish products and its consumption (quality and safety). The information base of this research contains the official  conceptual documents and normative legal acts of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, Russian Federal Agency for Fishery, expert evaluations and calculations of the Russian and foreign scholars published in the scientific literature. The article demonstrates the high level self-sufficiency of the country with regards to fish products and independence of the food supply from imports. The treats to food security are hidden in the three aspects: quantitative (export orientation of the Russian fish product manufacturers; decline in production volume of some types of fish products; low fish farming harvest); socioeconomic (deterioration of the conditions of economic affordability of food due to the price increase and drop in people’s income with simultaneous formation of the new consumer habits in our society); and quality-certification (infiltration of market by products of questionable quality and authenticity). The author suggests the measures on ensuring food security of the Russian Federation pertinent to fish and seafood products.

Abstract: The object of this research is the fish farming industry of China – the most successful country worldwide in this regard, demonstrating high rates of growth and rapid expansion onto the global seafood market. China raises more fish than catches in the wild, covering 80% of the domestic demand for fish products. The subject of this research is the key factors of success of China’s fish farming activities, mechanisms and methods of the state aid, emerging bases of the efficient innovative and technological development of the sector. Special attention is given to reconsideration of China’s experience due to the fact some circumstances were not previously taken into account. The work examines that status and factors of development of fisheries and fish farming in China based on the data provided by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, annual statistical digests of China, and other sources.