Abstract: “Green architecture” gains more and more popularity worldwide. In many ways, this relates to the need for improving environmental quality of urban area. Often, enviromentalization is used for creating green spaces on buildings, including vertical or with significant inclination. This article is dedicated to studying the questions of the structure of greening of vertical surfaces of the buildings (green facades) for medium and high-rise buildings. The research is aimed at determination of technical characteristics of designing green facades. The subject of this article is building structures of various designation (architectural, load-bearing and enclosing) that serve for the formation of greening. The author examines their potential in the formation of objects of "green architecture". The key research method is the analysis of normative and scientific framework for the design of vertical greening. The existing experience in designing green facades is explored. The scientific novelty of this work consists in systematization of the applied design concepts and engineering solutions. As a result of the study, the two types of structures are determined: supporting and maintaining. The author reviews structural systems characteristic to each type, outlines the assortment of greenery, engineering and technical solutions for maintaining plants, as well as forming capacities of the types of design solutions of green facades.

Abstract: The goal of this work is the determination of the peculiarities of technical engineering of horizontal urban gardening from the perspective of creating a poly-functional environment. The structural design s is viewed with consideration of the impact of plants upon the building structure. In the course of this research, the author examines the structure of “green” roof covering; the risks emerging in engineering, construction, and exploitation of such structural design. The article also analyzes the constructional-technical principles of the formation of poly-functional environment with horizontal urban gardening; provides the criteria of selecting plants for horizontal urban gardening of the various types of buildings; gives comparative characteristics to the types of horizontal urban gardening. The main research method is the systemic analysis, including the analysis of scientific literature, project materials, and recommendations. The author provides the typological classification of the types of urban gardening; describes the impact of urban gardening upon the building structures considering the used plants; describes the effect of climatic factors of the environment upon urban gardening. The principles of formation of the additional protective structure in engineering buildings and structures with horizontal gardening are presented.

Abstract: “Green” architecture receives more and more popularity around the globe. In such case, the metropolises urban development is no exception. There are multiple reasons, among the main ones, is the need for increase of beautification of contemporary urban development, environmentalization of the surroundings by means of forming the additional landscaped spaces. Thus, the established archetype of the environment must undergo transformation. Due to this fact, the typical design of urban development cannot fully meet the modern requirements, because first and foremost, it is oriented towards the increase of urban density.  In the context of forming the objects of “green” architecture, the design (both, architectural planning and engineering technical) is aimed at creating the buildings and constructs that simultaneously meet multiple demands: sustainability, reliability, durability, and environmental constraints. Currently, methods of mass “green” architecture and the corresponding technical base remain underdeveloped, which leads to the need for implementing the individual solutions that will consider the assemblage of all factors. Surface landscaping, exploitation, and beautification of special environment drastically changes the functional-engineering nature of development project, formal and constructive concept of the element of a building, putting them in the position of specific architectural, landscaping, and city-planning objects that demand a full project design. Therefore, formation of the architecture of urban development must take into account the peculiarities of “green” object.

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the questions of projecting of constructs-foundations for vegetation integrated into the structure of a building. The object of this research is the building constructs that can serve as an artificial foundation for vegetation. The boundaries of the research are defined by integration of vegetation on roofs, terraces, facades (balconies and patios), and interiors. The article explores such aspects of the topic as additional strain on the buildings from vegetation. The additional constant weight of the vegetation system is being viewed as the sum of two types of loads: stationary and weighed average. The article substantiates the need to account for the change in the volume of lumber due to vegetation. However, to simplify the calculation in absence of data on the size of growth of separate types of vegetation in the catalogue, the author offers recommended average indexes of the weight for various vegetation elements.