Abstract: The subject of the study is institutional and economic relations influencing the development of competition among national innovation systems in the post-Soviet space aimed at ensuring economic security in the global world. The subject of the research is innovative systems of the Union State.  The authors claim that intensity of competition at the turn of the 21st century was conditioned by unevenness of economic and social development expressed in disparity of the development not only of separate countries but also of regions and industries through different capital accumulation rates. In this context, the formation and implementation of effective competitive strategies by international companies and states in order to ensure their high competitive status is a priority task of international policies of almost all developed countries of the world. The authors consider such aspects of the topic as competitiveness determined by the criterion of effectiveness of any economic entity. The level of NIS competitiveness also determines the world economic positions of countries.  The use of methods of theoretical analysis (induction and deduction, general-to-specific and specific-to-general analysis, theoretical comparison, comparison and generalization) along with targeted-programme method allowed to analyse the existing approaches and techniques for the study of various aspects of innovative systems integration of neighbouring countries with the aim of identifying, finalizing and developing new approaches to exploration of NIS competitiveness and development effects. Methods for empirical information procession and analysis (grouping, comparison, index, correlation and regressive analysis) allowed to obtain new reliable indicators on the development and functioning of the NIS of neighbouring countries. Scientific novelty of the research: it was shown that the forms and methods of state management in the field of scientific and technological activities are not properly regulated at the regional level. The evident trends clearly indicate that there is still no effective system of promotion of innovative activity of economic entities at the regional and state levels, and therefore there is a need in a special wide system of regulators of this process to revitalize the innovative activities.  The authors offered a mechanism for promoting the innovative activity of economic entities which should operate at all levels - from government to local authorities. The article also proposes a system of innovative activity financing from all possible sources. The concepts of competitiveness of national economy are of great practical importance for the development of programs improving national competitive advantages, as well as developing its export base at the national and regional levels over the long term. The places occupied by the regions of the Union State in the ratings of authoritative international organizations clearly demonstrate their non-competitiveness. A prerequisite for overcoming the crisis, for integration and solution of the national security problems is the development and implementation of global strategic architecture for improvement of its international competitiveness. 

Abstract: The paper considers the problem of development of trade and economic relations between the regions of Russia and Belarus in the context of the Union State formation. The authors prove that to fully implement international cooperation in the spheres of trade, industry, power engineering, and socio-cultural sphere, it is necessary to develop transregional interaction in the spheres of transport, communications and Media. The research object is transregional communications of the Union State. The research subject is socio-economic relations within transregional communications of the Union State. The authors apply the method of system analysis to estimate the geographical dispersion of cooperation in the spheres of transport and communications and reveal the necessity to diversify such interactions according to the geographical principle. Special attention is paid to the analysis of border territories of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The authors prove that within the Union State, contacts and broader cooperation between the regions are connected with the difficulties of federative and unitary state structures, and offer organizational, economic, and legal measures to solve these problems. The authors consider the improvement of cooperation in the creation of transport infrastructure and the communications system as a prerequisite to the extension of innovation potential and the increase of investment potential of Russian and Belarusian regions. 

Abstract:  
The object of this research is the system of higher education of the Union State. The subject of this research is the mechanisms of state regulation, as well as the socioeconomic relations that influence the harmonization of the education systems of two countries. Special attention is given to the ways of possible incorporation of the systems of higher education of Russia and Belarus within the framework of the Union State. As the relevance of the study, the author demonstrates that incorporation of the educational systems and technologies under the similar principles provides an additional incentive for the formation of a unified platform for further development of the integration structure. The work analyzes the key factors that complicate the integration between the states in the sphere of education – political, economic, informational, and traditionalistic, as well as reviews the ways creation the synergetic educational paradigm. The goal of the article consists in identification of the ways to overcome the structural and organizational problems in interaction between the education systems of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The result of the study reveals that the implementation of such integration will lead to the emergence of foundation for the upbringing of youth, as well as the synergetic effect within the economic environment due to cooperation of the intellectual and financial resources, which must influence the overall socioeconomic development of Russia and Belarus. The scientific novelty consists in the methodological approach towards assessment of the quality of educational services of all interested parties and at all stages of education, which will allow increasing the interconnection and mutual influence for improving the practice-oriented professional trainings of the highly qualified specialists. It will also allow capitalizing the brand of the education organizations as a factor of the successful positioning of the higher schools in the competitive global market. The authors conduct a sequential analysis of all levels of education.