Abstract: The research subject is the range of questions of traffic organization as the elements of the road safety provision mechanism. The research object is the set of social relations in the sphere of traffic organization. The authors consider the problem of inconformity of Russian transport system with the needs of socio-economic development of the country. The government’s attention should be focused on the system approach to road safety provision which includes the application of complex measures aimed at road accidents prevention and their consequences lightening. Special attention is paid at technical equipment of roads as the objects of transport infrastructure. The majority of road accidents caused by the operating condition of roads include the absence or poor visibility of horizontal road markings, the absence of traffic signs in places where they are needed; improper use or poor visibility of traffic signs. Technical equipment of roads to a large extent promotes traffic stabilization, safety, economic efficiency and comfort of traffic, decreases the damaging impact of traffic on the environment. The research methodology includes the system of general and special scientific methods, based on the dialectical theory. The authors apply the system and formal logical methods (deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis, comparison and others), the structural-functional and other methods. The authors suggest the ways of traffic organization improvement, particularly the establishment of a uniform legal framework of road traffic organization in Russia; the creation of the conditions and mechanisms of traffic organization aimed at safety and sustainability provision; the decrease of economic losses in road traffic; the formation of a uniform approach to traffic organization on the territories of municipalities and districts; the creation of a legal framework for the coordination of the activities of federal executive authorities, regional authorities, local authorities and roads’ owners in the sphere of traffic organization. The authors analyze the condition of road traffic safety in the Russian Federation; demonstrate the role of the state in the transport system functioning and development; reveal the problems and inconformity of the transport system of Russia with the needs of socio-economic development of the country; offer the ways of road traffic organization improvement. The authors conclude that the improvement and development of road traffic organization promote the stabilization of traffic, road safety provision, economic efficiency and comfort of traffic. 

Abstract: The subject of the research is road safety, particularly the activities of traffic officers of the State Road Safety Inspectorate in the sphere of road safety and rules of the road observance provision with a view to preservation of life, health and property, protection of rights and interests of citizens and legal entities, interests of society and state, provision of safe and regular traffic. The author adduces statistical data of serious traffic accidents serving as universally recognized indexes of road safety level. The solution of road safety problems depends on the enhancement of traffic officers’ efficiency. The author analyzes the forms and methods of road safety service. Traffic police control over the rules of the road observance is an important way of traffic participants’ behavior regulation. Traffic control cannot be absolutized only to administrative offences revelation; it should be aimed at road safety provision, minimization of coercion and punishment. Prevention of reasons and conditions of road accidents should be the top priority. The methodological base of the research includes the statistical and formal logical methods, and the general scientific methods of deduction, induction, analysis and synthesis. The author concludes that the work of traffic police should be aimed at the prevention of reasons of traffic accidents, reduction of severity of their consequences with a view to preservation of life, health and property of traffic participants, and road safety is an integral part of public security of the state. 

Abstract: The subject of the study is the administrative and legal framework regulating the activities of the police in transport safety provision. Implementation of the mechanism of administrative and legal regulation of transport safety provision by the police is of great importance for transport safety. The degree of safety of transport infrastructure objects depends on the enhancement of regulations and their correct and legal implementation. The mechanism of administrative and legal regulation of the police activities in transport safety provision includes the rules of administrative law, administrative relationships and acts of administrative law enforcement. The missions of this mechanism are mainly related to the objectives of the police. The methodology of the study is based on the dialectical method of cognition which provides the perception of legal phenomena in their development and interaction; on the general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, induction and deduction, analogy), and special scientific methods of study in the field of legal research (the specific sociological method, the system, historical, grammatical, and logical interpretation). The scientific novelty of the research lies in the author's approach to the study of the concept and the content of administrative and legal regulation of the police in the sphere of transport safety, to the study of the police activities in the provision of transport safety, as well as to the opportunities and prospects of use of foreign experience of the police in transport safety provision.