Abstract: This article examines the promising concepts of formation of vertical greening systems for buildings and structures, as well as the problem of development of environmental approaches towards creating architectural sites using the advanced technological means. The object of this research is the system of vertical greening of facades of buildings and structures. The subject is the analysis of installation of various vertical greening systems, which allowed conducting a comparative assessment of costs. Special attention is given to the design peculiarities of vertical greening systems and their functionality during winter. The article employs the method of systematic analysis of tested techniques for the installation of vertical greening systems based on the criteria of the type of greening to be used, method of installation, irrigation and drainage systems, convenience of use, and cost. The author describes the approaches towards creating various designs of vertical greening systems; compares the systems by technical and economic parameters. These obtained results are presented in a tabular form for selecting the system, taking into consideration various parameters. The solutions are given that allow using the vertical greening systems during winter for various types of structures, indicating that the installation costs depend on the special measures to be used. The examples of implementation of the concepts under review are provided.

Abstract: This article explores the improvement of characteristic of the construction 3D printer through changing its design, mixing ratio, and selection of necessary additives. The object of this research is the influence of additives and methods of their use in cement-sand grout in accordance with its characteristics. Special attention is given to monitoring of the effective doping of additives in cement-sand grout for the construction 3D printer based on the experimental and theoretical studies, and possibility of a prompt change of the mixture ratio in erecting various building structures. For determining the effect of different additives upon the mixture properties for the construction 3D printer, the author conducts experimental research following the method recommended by the All-Union State Standard. For the convenient usage of mixtures in the construction 3D printer is designed a regime imitating the process of extruding the mixture. The article suggests recommendations on the selection of mixture ratio for the construction 3D printer in various buildings and constructs (load-bearing walls, cross-connections, partitions). The article provides the results of experimental study for durability of mixture and placeability of mixtures with the use of additives. The author presents the design of extruder for construction 3D printer that would ensure variability of doping additives in mixture.

Abstract: The subject of the research is the simulation model of pavements in the form of multilayered construction on the rigid (elastic) base. In his research Kolesnikov pays special attention to the simulation of rigid pavement physical behavior as a set of equations that reflect changes in stress-deformed state of such constructions. The equation system takes into account geometric nonlinearity of the construction material and gives an opportunity to analyse the influence of various parameters on the stress and displacement indicators. Boundary conditions have been chosen to satisfy various types of description. The author has shown an opportunity to optimize geometrical parameters of the constructino and to achieve minimization of weight and volume of consumable material. Nonlinear equations that model the construction behavior were solved using the Bubnov-Galerkin method. The author has used such optimization criteria as the construction shape and thickness and features of the elastic base. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author offers a simulation of the rigid pavement surface formed as a shallow shell on the elastic base with a slight chamber of arch in the middle. This makes the task more compolicated, however, it also allows to consider more real conditions of work. The task to optimize parameters and the solutions offered by the author will allow to significantly minimize the weight and to reduce the stress on the construction.