Abstract: This study is conducted this within the theoretical framework of philosophical anthropology and existential problems in modern philosophy. The discourse of philosophical anthropology seeks to decipher the basic codes of the biosocial nature of man in its formative influence on his consciousness and behavior. On the contrary, existential analysis tries to determine the conditions for successful resistance to the influence on the consciousness of numerous interventionists and the possibility of the formation of reasonable autonomy. Thus, this study seeks to find an acceptable balance in the use of methodological tools of philosophical anthropology and existential analysis in solving the problem of the mutual influence of bodily, social passions and consciousness. The article is devoted to an explanation of meanings of such human phenomenon as vice. The author strives to uncover the etymological and anthropological implication of this human given. He believes that the notions of "vice" and "virtue" are socially conditional. The nature of our desires is primary. Vice and virtue are flickering areas of the socially significant in these desires. They are contoured on intuitive-semantic quality and marked with labels of words. If the ego, the spirit lose their sovereignty then psychic and physiological element, biological fury come forth making of a human-being their prisoner. The harmony between two levels of existence in the human-being always is relative and transient. The author convinces that we should tolerably understand the nature of this human attribute and therefore we can humanize it.

Abstract: The object of this article is the corruption as anthropological phenomenon, in other words, presented in psychological, mental, cultural, political, legal, economic, linguistic, and other aspects, which often are referred to as the “social”. The subject of this research is the psychological and historical aspects of corruption, mainly at the top level of intra-elite relationship. The author examines the connections of various levels of corruption with the key social conditions: stability, crisis, and transit. Special attention is given to the relation between bureaucracy and corruption. Methodological foundation implies the certain positions of psychoanalysis and Weber’s rationality theory, elements of theory of deviation of the elites, structural-functionalistic theory, concepts of social legitimacy, institutional approach, and network analysis. The author suggests a psychoanalytical substantiation of the genesis of corruption motives in the initially ambivalent human nature, which generates organic and social passions than include self-interest and extortion. Author’s special contribution into the study of this topic lies in the socio-psychological depiction of the image of corruptionist. Scientific novelty consists in determination of the three stages of historical evolution of corruption depending on the type of society and administration: individual practice, property of social system, and special type of social system.

Abstract: The object of this research is the corruption networks of the highest administrative elites. The subject is their ethos or specific informal value normative system in comparison with the generally accepted formal moral codices. The author meticulously reviews such aspects of the topic as the value-behavioral intersection of opinions, behavioral practice and principles existing among the representatives of administrative elites with ethoses of the patrimonial alliances and criminal communities. The author suggests the concept of threefold character of corruption ethos, which includes the ideology-cover, functional behavioral norms, and distinct “life philosophy”. The scientific novelty consists in determination of the key features of each of the indicated structural components of corruption ethos. Author’s main contribution into this research lies in identification of the substantial transformation of general norms of the bureaucratic rationality within the framework of Russia reality, as a result of which the power and obedience transform into the goal in itself, and serving to organization becomes the means for achieving the own profit.  

Abstract: The goal of this article consists in examination of the dynamics of confrontation between two fractions of the Russian thought in the 1830’s – 1840’s: major “platforms” and most noticeable (focal) discussions, during the course of which have been discovered the publicly known leaders and their main ideas. The object of this article is the social and ideological clash that took place during this timeframe, while the subject is the intrigue and structure of this clash, which had formed the two opposing groups with the diametrically different theoretical platforms that have become the permanent characters of the Russian intellectual stage. The applied methodology leans on R. Collins' theory of "intellectual evolutions": the field of intellectual attention, focal discussions, and bloom of creativity through the opposition and rivalry. As the author believes, the examined theoretical collision for the first time has divided the intellectuals of two capitals into the groups, which formed their own stable consciousness, acquired historical genealogy, put forward the symbols of their group unity, dealt with succession, and supported the line of confrontation even up until now. The scientific novelty of the study lies in reviewing the dynamics of fraction genesis in the context of specificity of the three different discursive platforms of that time: secular saloons, university courses, and "journal wars”.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the ideologies of liberalism and communism. The goal of the work consists in their comparison, determination of the key similarities, and explanation of such resemblance. The author carefully examines such aspects of the topic as socialization, rationality, and scientism as immanent qualities of the analyzed doctrines. Special attention is given to interpretation of the phenomenon of “privatization of humanism” inherent to both ideologies. This results in the relapse of spiritual aristocratism and political instrumentalism with regards to masses. The methodological means apply the idea of the common dispositions of various doctrines, the notion of the “project of modernity”, method of comparison and conceptual analysis. The main conclusion lie in the revelation and analysis of the common features of the “project of modernity” teachings. Author’s special contribution into this research is the analysis of the similar tacit assumptions that underlie the theoretical constructs of the examined ideologies. The scientific novelty consists in formulation of argumentation of the proof of thesis on the anthropological and value equivalence of the teachings of liberalism and communism.

Abstract: The object of study in this article is the intellectual activity of creating pictures of the world, or as it is also called "ontological design" in the professional jargon of philosophy. The subject of research is the features of aesthetic ontologies and mental procedures for their creation.The author examines in detail aspects such topics as "ontological work" with its four procedures: simplification through generalization, humanizing the world, the formation of the ontological scheme and objectification. Particular attention is paid to the identification of the features of the ontological processes in art and a typology of aesthetic ontologies. The main findings of the study include the following. The author has revealed similarities of ontological construction procedures. A special contribution of the author's research topics is the development of typology of aesthetic ontologies: realistic, perfectionistic, naturalistic, emancipatory and escapist. The novelty of the study consists in analysis of the specificity of the procedures of creative structuring of reality: artistic taste, radical subjectivation, creative inspiration, and formation of the secondary reality.

Abstract: The object of this research article is the conceptual ideas and images in the novel by Pelevin's "Love Three Zuckerbrins". The subject of the research is the philosophical allusions from the point of view of their influence on the author's construction of reality. The article deals with such aspects of the topic as the influence on the philosophical content of the novel of Buddhist and monotheistic traditions, modern cosmology and some fantastic ideas. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the author's interpretations of such spiritual phenomena as transcendence, solipsism, monotheism, theodicy, and dualism. Methodological tools used by the author included typification, comparison, analysis and construction, elements of philosophical reflection and social perception. As a result, historical-philosophical and modern scientific and literary novel's allusions united by common cosmological and anthropological vectors are analyzed. A special contribution of the author to the study of the topic is the analysis of historical and philosophical motives contained in the novel. The novelty of the research is the modeling and identification of the basic philosophical grounds of the Pelevin world-building concept presented in the novel "Love for Three Zuckerbrines". 

Abstract: The goal of this work consists in the comparative analysis of the world-building schemes of ontological personalism of Wilhelm Leibniz and Max Scheler. The author thoroughly examines the conceptual scheme of world structure of Leibinz, underlining certain modifications that later were introduced by his successors. Particular attention is given to the analysis of Scheler’s original teaching, in which there character of interaction between the main ontological factors is changed. Thus, the author pursues correlation between the models of human behavior in the world of Leibniz and Scheler that differ, although their ontological models are similar. This difference is explained by the change in sociocultural continuum, in which takes place the search of the meaning of life. Personalistic understanding of the reality and corresponding forms of human self-determination in it, perhaps most appropriately reflect the necessary-universal essence of metaphysics. The author compares the ontological schemes of personalism of Leibinz and Scheler by reviewing the modification options of their key components. The connection is established between the ontological suggestions and deriving from them forms of human self-determination. It is demonstrated that the similar world-building schemes can lead to different worldview conclusions due to the radical sociocultural changes.

Abstract: The object of research in the proposed article is the meaning and its linguistic expression. The subject of the research is the interaction of semantic and linguistic meanings. The author of the article deals with such aspects of the topic as meaning in its totality, the relationship between semantic and linguistic meanings, and the influence of the sign means of expression on the meaning of the expression. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the concepts of "meaning" offered by B. Russell, R. Carnap, H. Price, G. Reichenbach, A. Losev, K. Levi-Strauss, H.-G. Gadamer, R. Bart, L. Wittgenstein, C. Lewis and E. Sapir. The methodological basis involves typification, comparison, analysis, subject-object scheme, construction, and elements of philosophical reflection. As a result, an extensive conceptual material has been analyzed, matrices of interpretations of "meaning" have been revealed in the characteristic representatives of the neo-positivist, structuralist, hermeneutical and analytical traditions. The author's special contribution to the topic is that he offers defines a relationship between the features of the formation of semantic values and the specificity of their linguistic expression. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author develops a philosophical-anthropological version of understanding the relationship of meaning and its linguistic expression based on the analysis of characteristic theories of meaning.

Abstract: The object of this research is the processes associates with the reformatting the worldview and spiritual situation and establishment of the new philosophical groups in post-Soviet thoughts during the late 1990’s and first decade of the XXI century. The subject of this work is the informal philosophical groups in post-Soviet Russia, their forming institutions, and history of relationship with the other intellectual groups. The author notices the roots of these newly established groups in the archetypical opposition between the Slavophiles and Westerners, examining the current worldview collisions as reproduction of this traditional to Russia conflict. The methodology of this research is based on the approach, according to which the network structure of the relationship between intellectual defines the generally meaningful space of intellectual attention that is divided into several competitive positions. The main results of this work consist in the following:


Description of the characterological reactions of intellectual upon the destruction of foundations of the previous discourse;


Brief description of history, theoretical peculiarities, composition, and institutional presentation of the six intellectual directions: phenomenology, postmodernism, neo-Marxism, gnoseology, analytics, and contextualists;


Characteristic of their stylistic specificities of self-expression and historical-philosophical roots;


Characteristic of turning points in communication of these groups with other similar institutions.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the comparison of the philosophical principles of morality with the principles of the Orthodox pedagogy. The author believes that such a comparison is necessary to search for new solutions to overcome the contemporary moral crisis. Most forms of philosophical and religious thought of both Western and Eastern traditions are derived from the metaphysical revolution of consciousness that occurred in the "Axial Age". This era has created a well-known to us semantic principles, namely, idealism, altruism and immortality. These principles form the limiting coordinates of consciousness that is based on faith. The author uses as the method of comparison of philosophical and anthropological principles and religious and philosophical ideas of the Orthodox pedagogy. He showed an organic relationship between them which stems from a common base "of the revolution of the transcendent." As a result of the study, the following results have been obtained. Firstly, the author has provided arguments in support of the allegations of the source of the metaphysical foundation of morality, including the principles of idealism, altruism and immortality. Secondly, he has demonstrated that the same principles form the foundation of the basic ideas of the Orthodox pedagogy such as participation of the superior world in human development, domination of the spiritual beginning in humans, outstanding of moral and spiritual education in relation to rational and information education, awakening of tender conscience and awareness of one's sins as the concept of the evil and the good, ability to fight against evil thoughts and intentions, learning to love and the principle of the integral personality. 

Abstract: The object of this article is the teaching methods of the art of thinking, which have become famous and proved themselves in the history of philosophy. The subject of the study is the method of intellectual provocation, namely its essence, main stages of expansion, and the specific behavior of participants of such role-playing game. The author examines the historical-philosophical aspect of application of this technique, especially by Socrates in his famous Maieutics. The article provides a number of issues that have proven themselves as effective intellectual provocations in the teaching experience. As methodological tools, the author used typification, comparison, analysis and design, elements of philosophical reflection and social perception. The author suggests one of the possible options of implementation of the method of intellectual provocation in seminar classes. Author's special contribution consists in study the grading of such type of the role-playing game and providing the characteristics to each of the stages. The scientific novelty of the research lies in determination of the common logic and basic regularities of the method of intellectual provocation in the modern context.

Abstract: The object of this article is the Russian philosophical community, which includes the character thinks and their groups who claim the orientation towards the native culture and peculiarities of Russian mentality as their identifying distinction. The subject of this research is the history of emergence of these thinkers and groups in post-Soviet Russia, their forming institutions, and history of relations with the other intellectual groups. The author carefully examines such aspects of the topic as the historical roots of these newly established traditions, their representation within the academic and educational institutions, as well as specificities of theoretical platforms of their leaders. The methodology is based on the approach, according to which the network structure of relationship between the intellectuals defines the generally important space of intellectual attention, which is structured upon several competitive positions. The main result of the conducted research consists in description of history, theoretical peculiarities, composition and institutional representation of the three intellectual directions among the “contextualist thinkers” – “conservative revolutionaires”, “Orthodox immanenists”, and “existentialists of tradition”.

Abstract: The object of this research is the history of Russian philosophy of the post-Soviet period. While the subject is the dynamics of changes of the public attitude towards Marxist ideology and philosophy, as well as assessment and reconsideration of their main theoretical positions within the Russian philosophical community. The author thoroughly examines such aspects of the topic as periodization of the essential changes of public and professional-philosophical interest towards Marxism in the post-Soviet Russia; succession and revision with regards to the Soviet Marxism; determination of the main actors in the modern communicative space of the “Marxist discourse”. Methodology of the research is based on the approach, according to which the network structure of the relations between intellectuals defines the general space of intellectual attention, structured upon several competitive positions. The main results of the conducted research are the following:


Periodization of evolution of the public attitude towards Marxism, and dynamics of reframing of its main theoretical positions within the Russian professional philosophical community;


Classification and description of peculiarities of the contemporary Marxist groups in modern Russia, their theoretical platforms, and determination of the level of their public influence.

Abstract: Religiousness is rooted in the mental nature of a human. Initially, the nonreligious belief forms from the complex of the original intentions in hum consciousness. This can be the source for religious belief, as well as other spiritual forms. Transformation of the original intentions into religious belief is justified by the peculiarities of initial alienation alongside the processes of personalization. As a result, emerges a special mental world and special ontology of religion. The author believes that the constant renewal of religions in form of continuous manifestation of the new cults and sects is a sustained historical process. Its intensity rapidly grows in the era of drastic changes as a sign of their profoundness. Religiogenesis is a mental symptom of the epochal revolutionary changes in people’s relation towards the environment, which signifies a global adjustment of their lifestyle. Such eras create the new values and behavior, which transcend the routine, and mobilize people towards the radical transformations of their life. They originate the revolutionary idealists, reformers, and Charismatics, as well as capture attention of large audience over the short time. The first of them is the “Axial Age” (K. Jaspers). Then, the outburst of religious Protestantism (XVI-XVII centuries). It can be called the “Second Axial Age”, which creates a new system of values of the radical individualism. Humanity enters the third era of the Axial Age in the second half of the XX century. Current events in the religious sphere represent the best proof of radicalism of what is taking place. The renewal of religiousness is the “laboratory” of the new feelings and values, and later leads to conceptualization of the other spiritual abilities of a human.