Abstract: The subject of this research is the phenomenological method of Jean-Paul Sartre, presented in his early philosophical essays. The author leans on his works “The Transcendence of Ego”, “Sketch for a Theory of the Emotions”, “The Imaginary: A Phenomenological Psychology of the Imagination”. The main goal of this article consists in revelation of peculiarities of Sartre’s understanding of phenomenological method in the context of genesis of his own philosophical methodologies. The author introduces an analysis of Sartre’s theories of emotions and imagination, as well as definition of magic consciousness within the problem of genesis of Sartre’s philosophical anthropology and philosophy of consciousness. During the course of this research have been determined the methodological invariants of Sartre’s phenomenology, topics of interest, and rudiments of concepts inherent to his full-fledged philosophy. The results are reflected in the following theses: 1) Sartre’s reasoning carries mostly visual character; 2) in the foundation of his psychology lies the differentiation of rational and magical modes of consciousness; the magical implies the human ability to instantaneously transform the world through emotions and imagination; 3) Sartre’s perception of magical modes of consciousness forms the conceptual core of existential anthropology, which had definitively established during the mature period of his philosophical works.

Abstract: The present research is devoted to studying the phenomenon of sadism from the point of view of philosophical anthropology based on works written by Marquis de Sade and Jean-Paul Sartre. The subject of the research is one of the key archetypes of sadistic culture represented in the image of sexually abusing father. The main purpose of the research is to analyze the internal structure of this sadistic image and typical representations of this mage in interpersonal communication, sexual practices and cognitive strategies. The additional purpose of the research is to define the internal relationship between philosophical and artistic worldviews of Sartre and de Sade. The research is based on the method of deductive regression from the concept of violance as it is to the analysis of a particular sadistic image of sexually abusing fathers in Sartre's and de Sade's works through viewing the phenomenon of sadism as the form of violence typical mostly for humans. The analysis involves the image of Achille-Clephas from Satre's biographical novel 'The Family Idiot', on the one hand, and the image of a surgeon Rodin from de Sade's novel 'Justine, or Misfortunes of the Virtue'. In the course of his research Gasilin has conducted a comparative analysis of both representations of the sadistic image of sexually abusing father in terms of the worldviews and writing strategies of the aforesaid authors. The main results of the research are the following: 1) the author has discovered the system unity between the sadistic method of interpersonal communication and analytical cognitive strategy developed in the science of the Modern Period; 2) he has also described the internal connection between the image of sexually abusing father and the concept of human mind as Nothing parasitic on continuous Existence; 3) and he has discovered a particular cultural tradition that is based on the negative interpretation of consciousness - so-called neurotic literature. 

Abstract: The subject of the research is a specific philosophical method of human biography analysis presented by the French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre in his philosophical treatise 'Being and Nothingness'. Within the framework of the research existential psychoanalysis is being viewed as the method of modern philosophical anthropology and an alternative to existing psychoanalytical, psychological, symbolic, linguistic, socio-historical and other techniques of analysis of human reality. The main target of the research is to demonstrate the key features, the scope of application and heuristic potential of this method as well as the fundamental differences between this method and Sigmund Freud's classical psychoanalysis. In the course of research Gasilin carries out a comparative analysis of Jean-Paul Sartre's existential psychoanalysis and Sigmund Freud's classical psychoanalysis. He defines their common features and differences and analyzes the key concepts of Sartre's existential psychoanalysis such as the other, being-for-others, fundamental project, bad faith, non-thetic consciousness, etc. The result of the research is the strict differentiation between potential scopes of classical and existential psychoanalysis. The latter is absolutely inapplicable as the psychotherapeutic method and cn be viewed only as a specific method of biographical analysis as well as a tool for literary analysis. The fact that special features of Sartre's approach to biographical analysis are very little studied by Russian researchers make the present research especially important for Russian philosophical anthropology.