Abstract: The subject of this research is the two major ideological directions in the Russian history – Communist, the representatives of which in the youth movement was Komsomol, and Christian, presented by the Russian Student Christian Movement (RSCM) in persecution. Both of them played an important role in development of strategic directions in the spiritual and cultural life of the Soviet society and the Russian community in persecution. The educational concepts of Komsomol and RSCM were the product of the intellectual activity of the prominent figures within the Communist and Christian movements in Soviet Russia and White émigré. In the author’s opinion, a comparative analysis of the educational concepts of Komsomol and the Russian Student Christian Movement leads us to understanding of the sociocultural phenomenon of Komsomol, which celebrates its centennial anniversary in 2018. The youth socio-political unions, the work of which is being studied during the period of 1918-1930’s – Komsomol and RSCM – could be distinguished by the following characteristics: religiousness and atheism, individualism and collectivism, separatism and openness, and others.

Abstract: This article examines the problems of establishment of ideological concepts of the youth policy of the Weimar Republic and Soviet Russia during the 1918-1924. The author analyses the peculiarities if the role of Communist parties in realization of the resolutions of their program documents within the youth environment. The need for using a comparative method in order to review the issue of establishment of the youth policy is being revealed. Based on the conducted research, the author proposes to highlight the organizational and methodological approaches towards development of the youth movements in the Weimar Republic and Soviet Russian during the period of 1918-1924. The author reviews Komsomol as a sociocultural phenomenon, determines the factors of its versatile influence upon the society, and attempts to generalize its positive and negative experience, and compare it with the experience of the German youth union. A brief characteristic is given to the German Youth Communist Union and All-Union Leninist Young Communist League at its initial stages of development; main characteristics of the common and diverse in the development of the ideological doctrine are being formulated. It is demonstrated that in both, Germany and Russia, party control became the foundation of the functionality of the emerging connections between the youth organizations and the leading parties.

Abstract: The ideological doctrine of the modern Russia in the area of youth policy is characterized by the search of the optimal variants of organization of the adjoin cooperation of the government and society. The Russian young generation feels a need for development of the certain actions for the effective establishment of the dialogue with the authorities. We can observe a drastic reformation of the mechanisms of government influence upon education of the young generation in all spheres of social life. New economic, political, social, and spiritual institutions are being formed; their activity is aimed at coordination of efforts of the government and society. In this situation, turning to the historical experience of the establishment of youth policy in the Soviet Russia and student movement among white émigré becomes clear. Comparative analysis of the socio-political status and peculiarities of the work of Komsomol and student unions in other countries allowed examining the mechanisms of correlation between the government and youth communities on the stages of their conception. The young generation comprised a significant part of population, which was able and ready to work. And on their work and political activity, as well as on the attitude towards the government, depended the wellbeing and future prosperity of the country. Both, the Komsomol and student unions became an experimental platform for preparation of new personnel.