Abstract: The subject of this research is the biography and creative work of A. A. Bogdanov – the brightest representative of the early XX century, prominent participant of the revolutionary movement in Russia, interesting philosopher-empiriocriticist, creator of the universal organization science Tektology, famous interpreter and speculative fiction writer, and founder of the idea of proletarian culture. The article demonstrates his role in formation of the modern scientific ideas about the natural and humanitarian sciences, as well as his importance as a forerunner of the existing understanding of the ideas of dynamical equilibrium and self-development. The main conclusion of the conduced research consists in undeservingly forgotten contribution of this scholar into the development of Russian science and culture, as well as establishment of such scientific disciplines, as cybernetics, general theory of systems, synergetics, equilibrium theory, theory of autopoiesis, and dynamical systems theory.

Abstract: The subject of the present research is the history of the genesis and development of the emancipatory systems thinking in terms of interpretation of social processes and critical systems approach. The author of the article examines the methods and approaches united by the idea of critical systems heuristics as well as the general aspiration to mobilize potential for critical review of established social and political doctrines through questioning authoritarian features of the modern world and demonstrating the ways towards transformation of these features. The author also touches upon the problem of the 'relativist' type of managing, arranging and using sytems methods in the organizational analysis. The method of the research is based on the analysis of the critical approach practiced by the Frankfurt School, especially Jürgen Habermas and his critics of technical and practical knowledge as well as their aplicability to the emancipatory systems management. In his research Loktionov provides an insight into the ideas of critical systems heuristics and the concepts of organizational ideology that develop a critical attitude to the ideological grounds of various systems approaches. The author also demonstrates that modern systems theory of management, especially emancipatory systems approach, have roots in Jurgen Habermas' theory of different kinds of knowledge. 

Abstract: Object of research of this work is the history of the Frankfurt school in aspect of its attitude towards treatments of public processes and critical system approach. The subjects and approaches of school united round the general aspiration to mobilize the potential of critical consideration of the settled socio-political dogmas are investigated, calling in question authoritative lines of the modern world and specifying ways of their transformation by means of "not authoritative and nonbureaucratic policy". Problems of management, the organization and use of system methods in the organizational analysis are investigated. The following is distinguished from them: (a) dialectics of an era of Education; (b) one-dimensionality and consumerism of the developed capitalist societies; (c) criticism of a technocracy; (d) communication actions. The technique is based on research of critical approach of the Frankfurt school, in particular Yu. Habermasa and his critic of technical and practical knowledge, and their applicability to system management. In work the short history of emergence and development of the Frankfurt school is stated, and also is shown that modern system theories of management, in particular such as gentle system approach and critical (emansipatsionny) system approach in - much grow from J. Habermas's theory about various types of knowledge, and his critics of a modern technocracy.