Abstract: This article is devoted to energy policy of Russia, which is the first among the pillars of the Russian economy in the XXI century.  It should be noted that the energy policy of any state is a complex of interactions of various internal and external factors. The internal factors include situation in the energy sector of Russia, presence of necessary equipment, technologies, cadres and strategies in the development of energy complex, existence of necessary legislation, facilitating instances, institutions and funds, assisting implementation of the goals, improvement of investment attractiveness of the Russian economy and some other measures, which are necessary for the growth of the Russian economy. Among the external factors one should single out the interests of the importers of the Russian resources, necessary amount of energy sources, acceptable supply routes, and political relations with the potential importers of the Russian raw materials, as well as with the competing states.  When speaking of external factors influencing the energy policy, one should not but mention that currently the states of the Asian Pacific Region play a more and more important role in the global economic and political relations. It is much more profitable for these states to purchase traditional resources, rather than developing alternative energy sources.  Russia has strategically beneficial geographic position towards this region, and it may trade without any intermediaries, which has a positive influence on the prices.  The need to modernize economy, development of the Far East and Siberia, strengthening the position in the global arena are the causes due to which Russia needs energy partnership with these states of the Asian Pacific Region. The energy policy of Russia is aimed towards solution of these topical problems. Accordingly, the object of study in this article includes political relations between Russia and the APR states, while the immediate object includes specific features of these relations and the ways to optimize them.

Abstract: The Russian state was historically formed as a poly-ethnical state throughout the centuries. That is why the problem of forming a united civil self-conscience has always been topical. The nation formation process is a complicated and contradictory matter, since in touches upon national identity of citizens due to which the state has to choose the principle for the nation formation. Among the basic principles one may single out the following: nation formation based on multi-cultural policy, based upon civil nation, or based upon a dominating ethnic group within the state, which is capable of uniting other ethnic groups around itself. Most of European and American states face the problem of nation formation, and this problem is also relevant for Russia,, since in two decades after the breakup of the Soviet Union it still is unable to form an efficient nation formation policy. Due to this fact the issue of formation of a general Russian identity becomes a topical goal for state and society.  The author chooses Russia and the USA for the study, and she makes a comparison.  The choice of these two states due to them being largest territorial states and having ethnical variety.  Also, both Russia and the USA face problems related to the inflow of migrants, and nation building crisis. 
 

Abstract: The object of this study includes the problems of national identity formation in the USA and in Russia. The specific object is genesis, fomation and functioning of nation in the USA and in Russia. The goal of the study is to analyze the specific features and patterns of national identity formation. In accordance with this goal one may establish the following aims: (1) to view the formation of nation, as well as causes and factors, which facilitate its formation; (2) to show specific features of formation of nation in Russia and in the USA; (3) to identify the problems of nation-building in Russia and in the USA; (4) to analyze, to establish the common patterns, problems and tendencies in the nation-building in the USA and in Russia. Also in order to guarantee the formation of hte Russian nation, one needs to leave behind the old Soviet definitions of "people", "nation", "nation-state".  As it was mentioned above, for many decades the term "national" was unsterstood solely within the limits of ethnical or ethnic-cultural categories. The article includes analysis of the processes in Russia and in the USA, as well as comparative analysis of problems of identity formation in Russia and in the USA.